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  1. Parallel Villages - P2P Foundation. = central concept of the book How to Build a Village. Description. Claude Lewenz: "Perhaps the key difference between what I propose in the book, and many of the ideas for 21st century habitat that we see is that between reacting to a negative, and moving forward toward a positive.

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    From the Wikipedia article at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_computing Grid Computing has three aspects: 1. Computing resources are not administered centrally. 1. Open standards are used. 1. Non-trivial quality of service is achieved.

    one can classify Grids into several types: 1. Computational Grids (including CPU scavenging Grids) which focuses primarily on computationally-intensive operations. 1. Data Grids or the controlled sharing and management of large amounts of distributed data. 1. Equipment Grids which have a primary piece of equipment e.g. a telescope, and where the su...

    The Grid IS the future

    "Nick Carr’s forthcoming (January 2008) book, “The Big Switch: Our New Digital Destiny.” He makes a clear case that computing resources distributed via vast grids will transform economics, business and culture in the 21st century just as electric utilities did in the last century."(http://blogs.zdnet.com/BTL/?p=6355)

    The Grid will be replaced by Virtualization

    Bill St. Arnaud says there is no real future for grid computing, and that 'virtualization' will take its place: "There is however one exception. The Academic Grid is still having lot's of glory thanks to the huge heavily funded European (EGEE) and other US projects. When LHC data will start to be taken at CERN it will reach it's top importance. But, it seems that for other scientific projects Grid Computing is not going to be such a success. It will remain as "Nice to have" but will never rep...

    The Grid will be replaced by Cloud Computing

    "Cloud computing is the way forward rather than the Grid. Organizations are not going to be sharing resources [where] you can definitely get resources cheaper from the cloud rather than having to maintain, and then share them with others." - Savas Parastatidis

    Ian Foster, Carl Kesselman and Steven Tuecke, The Anatomy of the Grid, INT’L. J. SUPERCOMPUTER APPLICATIONS, available at http://www.globus.org/research/papers/anatomy.pdf(describing the next generation of "grid" computing which will provide the technical infrastructure for collective action, group collaboration and virtual firms).

  2. Distributed computing is a type of segmented or parallel computing, but the latter term is most commonly used to refer to processing in which different parts of a program run simultaneously on two or more processors that are part of the same computer."

  3. In this conceptual and practical framework, the multi-local society appears as a society based on communities and places that are, at the same time, strong in their own identity, embedded in a physical place and open and connected to other places/communities . In other words: in the multi-local society, communities and places are junctions of a ...

  4. Different applications of P2P networks enable users to share the computation power (distributed systems), data (file-sharing), and bandwidth (using many nodes for transferring data). P2P uses an individual's computer power and resources, instead of powerful centralized servers. The shared resources guarantee high availability among peers."

  5. Distributed systems = the existence of an horizontal system architecture where complex activities are accomplished in parallel by an high number of connected elements.

  6. Parallel lines are really parallel; there is no far and no near, the size of everything remains constant because all things are represented as being the same distance away and the eye of the spectator everywhere at once.