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2024年5月26日 · 馬克斯·玻恩[註 1] (Max Born,1882年12月11日—1970年1月5日)又譯 馬科斯·玻恩,是一名 德國 理論物理學家 與 數學家,對 量子力學 的發展做出了重要貢獻,在 固體物理學 及 光學 方面也有所建樹。 此外,他在20世紀20年代至30年代間培養了大量知名物理學家。 1954年,玻恩因「在量子力學領域的基礎研究,特別是對 波函數 的統計詮釋」而獲得 諾貝爾物理學獎 [2][3][4][5]。 玻恩於1882年生於 德意志帝國 布雷斯勞 (今 波蘭 樂斯拉夫),1904年進入 哥廷根大學。 他在那裏完成了有關 湯姆生原子模型 的論文。 1918年,他與 弗里茨·哈伯 對 金屬 與 鹵素 形成 離子化合物 的過程進行了探討,後來此機制被命名為 玻恩-哈伯循環。
2024年5月26日 · 馬克斯·玻恩 [註 1] ( Max Born ,1882年12月11日—1970年1月5日)又譯 馬科斯·玻恩 ,是一名 德國 理論物理學家 與 數學家 ,對 量子力學 的發展做出了重要貢獻,在 固體物理學 及 光學 方面也有所建樹。. 此外,他在20世紀20年代至30年代間培養了大量知名 ...
2024年5月26日 · 马克斯·玻恩 [注 1] ( Max Born,1882年12月11日—1970年1月5日)又译马科斯·玻恩,是一名德国 理论物理学家与数学家,对量子力学的发展做出了重要贡献,在固体物理学及光学方面也有所建树。
- Early Life
- Career
- Later Life
- Global Policy
- Personal Life
- Awards and Honors
- Bibliography
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Max Born was born on 11 December 1882 in Breslau (now Wrocław, Poland), which at the time of Born's birth was part of the Prussian Province of Silesia in the German Empire, to a family of Jewish descent. He was one of two children born to Gustav Born, an anatomist and embryologist, who was a professor of embryology at the University of Breslau, and...
Berlin and Frankfurt
Born settled in as a young academic at Göttingen as a privatdozent. In Göttingen, Born stayed at a boarding house run by Sister Annie at Dahlmannstraße 17, known as El BoKaReBo. The name was derived from the first letters of the last names of its boarders: "El" for Ella Philipson (a medical student), "Bo" for Born and Hans Bolza (a physics student), "Ka" for Theodore von Kármán (a Privatdozent), and "Re" for Albrecht Renner (another medical student). A frequent visitor to the boarding house w...
Göttingen
For the 12 years Born and Franck were at the University of Göttingen (1921 to 1933), Born had a collaborator with shared views on basic scientific concepts—a benefit for teaching and research. Born's collaborative approach with experimental physicists was similar to that of Arnold Sommerfeld at the University of Munich, who was ordinarius professor of theoretical physics and Director of the Institute of Theoretical Physics—also a prime mover in the development of quantum theory. Born and Somm...
In January 1933, the Nazi Party came to power in Germany. In May, Born became one of six Jewish professors at Göttingen who were suspended with pay; Franck had already resigned. In twelve years they had built Göttingen into one of the world's foremost centres for physics. Born began looking for a new job, writing to Maria Göppert-Mayer at Johns Hop...
He was one of the signatories of the agreement to convene a convention for drafting a world constitution. As a result, for the first time in human history, a World Constituent Assembly convened to draft and adopt a Constitution for the Federation of Earth.
Born's wife Hedwig (Hedi) Martha Ehrenberg (1891–1972) was a daughter of the jurist Victor Ehrenberg and Elise von Jhering (a daughter of the jurist Rudolf von Jhering). Born was survived by his wife Hedi and their children Irene, Gritli and Gustav. Singer and actress Olivia Newton-John was a daughter of Irene (1914–2003), while Gustav is the fathe...
1934 – Stokes Medalof Cambridge1939 – Fellow of the Royal Society1945 – Makdougall–Brisbane Prize of the Royal Society of Edinburgh1945 – Gunning Victoria Jubilee Prizeof the Royal Society of EdinburghDuring his life, Born wrote several semi-popular and technical books. His volumes on topics like atomic physics and opticswere very well received. They are considered classics in their fields, and are still in print. The following is a chronological listing of his major works: 1. Über das Thomson'sche Atommodell Habilitations-Vortrag(FAM, 1909) – T...
Bernstein, Jeremy (2005). "Max Born and the Quantum Theory". American Journal of Physics. 73 (11): 999–1008. Bibcode:2005AmJPh..73..999B. doi:10.1119/1.2060717. Reprinted as chapter 7 in Bernstein,...Born, M.; Heisenberg, W.; Jordan, P. (1925). "Zur Quantenmechanik II". Zeitschrift für Physik. 35 (557–615): 557. Bibcode:1926ZPhy...35..557B. doi:10.1007/BF01379806. S2CID 186237037.Born, M.; Jordan, P. (1925). "Zur Quantenmechanik" (PDF). Zeitschrift für Physik. 34 (1): 858–888. Bibcode:1925ZPhy...34..858B. doi:10.1007/BF01328531. S2CID 186114542. Archived from the original (...Born, M. (1926). "Zur Quantenmechanik der Stoßvorgänge". Zeitschrift für Physik. 37 (12): 863–867. Bibcode:1926ZPhy...37..863B. doi:10.1007/BF01397477. S2CID 119896026.馬克斯·玻恩(,1882年12月11日—1970年1月5日)又譯馬科斯·玻恩,是一名德國理論物理學家與數學家,對量子力學的發展做出了重要貢獻,在固體物理學及光學方面也有所建樹。
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馬克斯·玻恩是誰?
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馬克斯·玻恩在哥廷根大學做了什麼?
玻恩是誰?
馬克斯·玻恩(,1882年12月11日—1970年1月5日)又譯馬科斯·玻恩,是一名德國理論物理學家與數學家,對量子力學的發展做出了重要貢獻,在固體物理學及光學方面也有所建樹。
馬克斯.玻恩。 圖片來源: wikimedia. 就在大家還在議論紛紛之際,德國物理學家玻恩一人跨出決定性的一大步。 正是他的詮釋讓量子力學擺脫古典力學,開創了令人目眩神迷的全新境地。 在這裡,決定性的客觀存在只是假象,我們所能依賴的只有機率。 是的,機率。 他在1926年先後發表兩篇論文,指出薛丁格的波函數並非描述電子如何波動,而是代表發現電子的機率(正確地說,波函數本身是一種機率振幅,它的絕對值的平方才是測量到電子的機率)。 向來有明確因果關係的物理竟然跑出來不確定的機率,大部分科學家都對此無法接受,其中也包括薛丁格本人與愛因斯坦。