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Throughout Wikipedia, the pronunciation of words is indicated using the International Phonetic Alphabet ( IPA ). The following tables list the IPA symbols used for English words and pronunciations. Please note that several of these symbols are used in ways that are specific to Wikipedia, and differ from those used by dictionaries.
The latest official IPA chart, revised in 2020. Here is a basic key to the symbols of the International Phonetic Alphabet. For the smaller set of symbols that is sufficient for English, see Help:IPA/English. Several rare IPA symbols are not included; these are found in the main IPA article or on the extensive IPA chart.
SymbolExamples[ a] ⓘModern RP c a t, German Mann, French ...[ ä] ⓘMandarin 他 tā, American English father, ...[ ɐ] ⓘRP cut, German Kaiserslautern[ ɑ] ⓘRP father, French pâte, Dutch bad其他人也問了
Why does Wikipedia use IPA?
What is the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)?
Which dictionaries use the IPA key?
What IPA transcriptions do English dictionaries use?
Its purpose is to explain the IPA's basic principles to English speakers. IPA clearly and unambiguously indicates how a word or name actually sounds with one letter for each sound. Wikipedia uses IPA because it's the global standard used by professionals and
The official chart of the IPA, revised in 2020. The International Phonetic Alphabet ( IPA) is an alphabetic system of phonetic notation based primarily on the Latin script. It was devised by the International Phonetic Association in the late 19th century as a standardized representation of speech sounds in written form. [1] .
The various English dictionaries use different and sometimes conflicting IPA transcriptions for English. For example, the transcription /i/ may be used for the vowel of sit , of seat , or at the end of city .
For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and , see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters. The following pronunciation respelling key is used in some Wikipedia articles to respell the pronunciations of English words.
For generic English, {{}} should be used, which will link the notation to Help:IPA/English, which is a key of established conventions for transcription of English on Wikipedia, and automates conversion to IPA and provides mouse-over keys.
