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Obsessive–compulsive disorder ( OCD) is a mental and behavioral disorder in which an individual has intrusive thoughts (an obsession) and feels the need to perform certain routines ( compulsions) repeatedly to relieve the distress caused by the obsession, to the extent where it impairs general function. [1] [2] [7]
Psychopathy, or psychopathic personality [1] is a personality construct [2] characterized by impaired empathy and remorse, and bold, disinhibited and egocentric traits masked by superficial charm, and the outward appearance of apparent normalcy. [3] [4] [5] [6]
In some countries, suicidal behavior is a criminal offence punishable by law. Suicide is therefore often a secretive act surrounded by taboo, and may be unrecognized, misclassified or deliberately hidden in official records of death. [6] — World Health Organization (2002)
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by executive dysfunction occasioning symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity and emotional dysregulation that are excessive and pervasive, impairing in multiple contexts, and otherwise age-inappropriate. [8]
- History
- Concepts
- Accuracy and Validity
- Statistics
- Utility
- Correlations with Other Instruments
- Popularity in Korea and China
- References
- Further Reading
- External Links
Briggs began her research into personality in 1917. Upon meeting her future son-in-law, she observed marked differences between his personality and that of other family members. Briggs embarked on a project of reading biographies and subsequently developed a typology wherein she proposed four temperaments: meditative (or thoughtful), spontaneous, e...
The MBTI is based on the influential theory of psychological types proposed by Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung in 1921, which was partially based on the four elements of classical cosmology. Jung speculated that people experience the world using four principal psychological functions—sensation, intuition, feeling, and thinking—and that one of these fo...
Despite its popularity, it has been widely regarded as pseudoscience by the scientific community. The validity (statistical validity and test validity) of the MBTI as a psychometric instrument has been the subject of much criticism. Media reports have called the test "pretty much meaningless", and "one of the worst personality tests in existence". ...
A 1973 study of university students in the United States found the INFP type was the most common type among students studying the fine arts and art education subjects, with 36% of fine arts students and 26% of art education students being INFPs. A 1973 study of the personality types of teachers in the United States found Intuitive-Perceptive types ...
Isabel Myers claimed that the proportion of different personality types varied by choice of career or course of study. However, researchers examining the proportions of each type within varying professions report that the proportion of MBTI types within each occupation is close to that within a random sample of the population.Some researchers have ...
Keirsey temperaments
David Keirsey developed the Keirsey Temperament Sorterafter learning about the MBTI system, though he traces four "temperaments" back to Ancient Greek traditions. He maps these temperaments to the Myers–Briggs groupings SP, SJ, NF, and NT. He also gives each of the 16 MBTI types a name, as shown in the below table.
Big Five
McCrae and Costa based their Five Factor Model (FFM) on Goldberg's Big Five theory. McCrae and Costa present correlations between the MBTI scales and the Big Five personality constructs measured, for example, by the NEO-PI-R. The five purported personality constructs have been labeled: extraversion, openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism (emotional instability), although there is not universal agreement on the Big Five theory and the related Five-Factor Model (FFM).The fo...
At the time of the COVID-19 pandemic, MBTI testing became a fad among young South Koreans who were using it in an attempt to find compatible dating partners. The fad originated with a website called 16Personalities.com, which offers a free approximation of the official paid test. Both independent experts and a representative of the MBTI publishing ...
Works cited
1. Bess, Tammy L.; Harvey, Robert J. (2002-02-01). "Bimodal Score Distributions and the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator: Fact or Artifact?". Journal of Personality Assessment. 78 (1): 176–186. doi:10.1207/S15327752JPA7801_11. ISSN 0022-3891. PMID 11936208. S2CID 31355092. 2. Bess, Tammy L.; Harvey, R.; Swartz, D. (2003). Hierarchical Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. Annual Conference of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology. doi:10.1037/E51871201...
Dunning, Brian (August 31, 2010). "Skeptoid #221: The Myers-Briggs Personality Test". Skeptoid.Falt, Jack. Bibliography of MBTI/Temperament Books by Author Archived 2004-10-11 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved December 20, 2004.Georgia State University. GSU Master Teacher Program: On Learning Styles Archived 2004-11-20 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved December 20, 2004.Jung, Carl Gustav (1965). Memories, Dreams, Reflections. Vintage Books: New York, 1965. p. 207 [ISBN missing]Media related to Myers-Briggs Type Indicatorat Wikimedia CommonsQuotations related to Psychological Typeat WikiquotePatrick Vermeren, The (uncomfortable) truth of HR and leadership development, TEDxKMAWorldwide distribution of country calling codes. Regions are coloured by first digit. Country calling codes, country dial-in codes, international subscriber dialing (ISD) codes, or most commonly, telephone country codes are telephone number prefixes for reaching telephone subscribers in foreign countries or areas via international telecommunication networks.
Entropy is a scientific concept that is most commonly associated with a state of disorder, randomness, or uncertainty. The term and the concept are used in diverse fields, from classical thermodynamics, where it was first recognized, to the microscopic description of nature in statistical physics, and to the principles of information theory.
