搜尋結果
A finite game such as baseball or chess or Super Mario must have boundaries -- spatial, temporal, or behavioral. So big, this long, do or don't do that. An infinite game has no boundaries.
- Four Modes of Exchange
- From Deconstruction to Construction
- His Changing Views on The Market
- The Capital-State-Nation Trinity
Carl Cassegaard: "Karatani uses a model focusing on four modes of exchange, which he believes are equally basic and irreducible: A: Reciprocal exchanges within a community, a norm that lives on in our time in the idea of the nation. B: The exchange of "plunder and redistribution" typical of feudal lordship and basic to modern states. C: Commodity e...
CARL CASSEGARD: "It is customary to describe the 1990s in Japan as a ‘lost decade’ plagued by a widespread social malaise and an oppressive feeling of deadlock. The development of the thought of the philosopher and critic Karatani Ko¯jin (1941–) evinces the cultural effects of the changes during this decade. For a long time Karatani was probably be...
Carl Cassegaard: "Karatani’s glee at the impact of globalization on Japan is easily comprehensible in light of his earlier views on the market. In the 1980s, he described the global market in positive terms as a liberating and deconstructive tool that undermined the autonomy and closure of national communities. In opposition to communal space where...
"In Transcritique and other recent texts, the source of exteriority is no longer the global market but ‘associations’, and the market is instead increasingly envisioned in such negative terms as‘empire’. Consequently Karatani redirects his criticism from the ‘centreless’system of Japanese power to the system of global capitalism and lays a general ...
2015年1月3日 · It is possible to distinguish the following types of complementary currencies: Fully backed by the national currency: SOL (France), Social currencies in Brazil, Lewes Pounds (UK), Eco-Pesa (Kenya) and others. Backed by guarantees from members of the exchange system: Time Dollars, some types of LETS systems.
The diamond of participation is elaborated in Art of Hosting circles to what is called the "8 breaths" model, with 7 small diamonds inside one large one. More Information. Book: Facilitator's Guide to Participatory Decision-Making. Third Edition. Sam Kaner et al. Jossey-Bass, 2014. Convergent vs Divergent Reasoning. Connection with Agile.
“Against the smart city” provides an intellectual toolkit for those of us interested in resisting this sterile and unappealing vision, and lays important groundwork for the far more fruitful alternatives to come."
The difference between this type of CSA and traditional ones is that this CSA can supply members with weekly baskets of produce throughout the ENTIRE year. Use the system as an incubator for other aquaponics efforts."
The hypothesis of the Axial Age (Eisenstadt & Wittrock, 2005) also illustrates the similar historical and cultural features between ancient Chinese and Western civilizations. After the chaos and disunity of the Axial Age, the Qin state first unified ancient China (the Great Unity).
