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2012年9月23日 · In the Manila Declaration of 1982 governments reconfirmed that the peaceful settlement of disputes should represent one of the central concerns for states and for the UN (A/RES/37/10, 15 November 1982). These eight principles shall build the cornerstones of a universal sustainability rights framework.
From the Wikipedia: "Michael Linton is the designer of a Local Exchange Trading System (LETS) known as LETSystem, an open form of money, or personal and practical arrangement of community currency. The first of very many instances of this design was originated in Comox Valley, BC, Canada, in 1982.
ATU develops 130 gongbans annually in areas ranging from smart phones, tablets, smart watches, smart homes, and industrial controls—and distributes the designs for free. WPI then makes money by trading in the boards’ components. "We call this shanzhai in Shenzhen.
"For anyone scratching their head about how to understand the deeper social and economic dynamics of online networks, a terrific new report has been released by Michel Bauwens called Synthetic Overview of the Collaborative Economy.
2024年4月2日 · At the P2P Foundation, we settle around the following definition. A commons is. shared resources (i.e. there is something objective about it) maintained or co-produced by a community or group of stakeholders (hence: a subjective activity and choice, 'there is no commons without commoning') and.
Description. Jerome Lewis: "This characterisation is based on an analytical distinction between an ‘immediate-return’ hunter-gatherer economy and agricultural, herding or capitalist ‘delayed-return’ economies that is helpful for understanding the differences in approach to resource management and the environment.
2009年6月30日 · Common property regimes typically protect the core resource and allocate the fringe through complex community norms of consensus decision-making facing the difficult task to devise rules that limit the amount, timing, and technology used to withdraw various resource units from the resource system.
