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e. The Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID‑19 vaccine, sold under the brand names Covishield [31] and Vaxzevria [1] [32] among others, is a viral vector vaccine for the prevention of COVID-19. It was developed in the United Kingdom by Oxford University and British-Swedish company AstraZeneca, [33] [34] [35] using as a vector the modified chimpanzee ...
Smallpox vaccine. The smallpox vaccine is the first vaccine to have been developed against a contagious disease. In 1796, British physician Edward Jenner demonstrated that an infection with the relatively mild cowpox virus conferred immunity against the deadly smallpox virus.
List. The Human Development Report includes data for all 193 member states of the United Nations, [16] as well as Hong Kong SAR and the State of Palestine. However, the Human Development Index is not calculated for two UN member states: DPR Korea (North Korea) and Monaco, only some components of the index are calculated for these two countries.
American Cemetery, where the film's opening and closing scenes are set. Saving Private Ryan is a 1998 American epic war film directed by Steven Spielberg and written by Robert Rodat. Set in 1944 in France during World War II, it follows a group of soldiers, led by Captain John Miller ( Tom Hanks ), on their mission to locate Private James ...
- History
- Project Overview
- Research
- Instrumentation and Operation
- Site
- Related Facilities
- Conspiracy Theories
- In Popular Culture
- See Also
- Further Reading
The High-frequency Active Auroral Research Program began in 1990. Ted Stevens, Republican U.S. senator from Alaska, helped win approval for the facility,and construction began in 1993. In early May 2013, HAARP was temporarily shut down, awaiting a change between contractors to operate the facility. In July 2013, HAARP program manager James Keeney s...
The HAARP project directs a 3.6 MW signal, in the 2.8–10 MHz region of the HF band, into the ionosphere. The signal may be pulsed or continuous. Effects of the transmission and any recovery period can be examined using associated instrumentation, including VHF and UHF radars, HF receivers, and optical cameras. According to the HAARP team, this will...
HAARP's main goal is basic science research in the uppermost portion of the atmosphere, termed the ionosphere. Essentially a transition between the atmosphere and the magnetosphere, the ionosphere is where the atmosphere is thin enough that the Sun's X-rays and UV rays can reach it, but thick enough that there are enough molecules present to absorb...
The main instrument at HAARP is the Ionospheric Research Instrument (IRI). This is a high-power, high-frequency phased array radio transmitter with a set of 180 antennas, disposed in an array of 12×15 units that occupy a rectangle of about 30–40 acres (12–16 hectares). The IRI is used to temporarily energize a small portion of the ionosphere. The s...
The project site (62°23′30″N 145°09′03″W / 62.39167°N 145.15083°W / 62.39167; -145.15083) is north of Gakona, Alaska just west of Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park. An environmental impact statement led to permission for an array of up to 180 antennas to be erected. HAARP was constructed at the previous site of an over-the-horizon radar(OTH) in...
In the United States, there have been two related ionospheric heating facilities: the HIPAS, near Fairbanks, Alaska, which was dismantled in 2009, and one at the Arecibo Observatory in Puerto Rico, which collapsed in 2020. The European Incoherent Scatter Scientific Association (EISCAT) operates an ionospheric heating facility capable of transmittin...
HAARP is the subject of numerous conspiracy theories. Various individuals have speculated about hidden motivations and capabilities of the project. For example, Rosalie Bertell warned in 1996 about the deployment of HAARP as a military weapon. Michel Chossudovsky stated in a book published by the Committee on Monetary and Economic Reform that "rece...
HAARP gave rise to a live album by the rock band Muse and became the theme of novels like La Route de Gakona by Jean-Paul Jody[Wikidata]. The HAARP facility appears in the 2004 video game X-Men Legends. In the game, the X-Men track the Brotherhood of Mutants to HAARP. The facility is significantly different from its real life counterpart, with snow...
"Evidence for Precipitation of Energetic Particles by Ionospheric "Heating" Transmissions". National Geophysical Data Center. 7 December 2004. Retrieved 27 September 2009.J. E. Smith (6 May 2006). "HAARPCompleted!". Indybay. Retrieved 27 September 2009.U. S. Inan; T. F. Bell. "Polar Aeronomy and Radio Science (PARS):ULF/ELF/VLF Project". STAR Laboratory, Stanford University. Archived from the original on 27 August 2009. Retrieved 27 September 2009.U. S. Inan; M. Golkowski; D. L. Carpenter; N. Reddell; R. C. Moore; T. F. Bell; E. Paschal; P. Kossey; E. Kennedy; S. Z. Meth (2004). "Multi-hop whistler-mode ELF/VLF signals and triggered emission...Collin Morikawa (born February 6, 1997) is an American professional golfer who plays on the PGA Tour.He began his PGA Tour career with 22 consecutive made cuts, second only to Tiger Woods' 25-cut streak. Morikawa has six PGA Tour wins – including two major championships, the 2020 PGA Championship and the 2021 Open Championship, winning both in his debut.
The Basílica i Temple Expiatori de la Sagrada Família, [a] otherwise known as Sagrada Família, is a church under construction in the Eixample district of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. It is the largest unfinished Catholic church in the world.
