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  1. en.wikipedia.org › wiki › CoffeeCoffee - Wikipedia

    Coffee is a beverage brewed from roasted coffee beans. Darkly colored, bitter, and slightly acidic, coffee has a stimulating effect on humans, primarily due to its caffeine content. It has the highest sales in the world market for hot drinks. [2] The seeds of the Coffea plant's fruits are separated to produce unroasted green coffee beans.

  2. en.wikipedia.org › wiki › CaffeineCaffeine - Wikipedia

    Caffeine is the world's most widely consumed psychoactive drug. [19] [20] Unlike most other psychoactive substances, caffeine remains largely unregulated and legal in nearly all parts of the world. Caffeine is also an outlier as its use is seen as socially acceptable in most cultures and even encouraged in others.

    • History
    • Parameters
    • Differences from The Fujita Scale
    • Rating Classifications
    • References
    • External Links

    The Enhanced Fujita scale replaced the decommissioned Fujita scale that was introduced in 1971 by Ted Fujita. Operational use began in the United States on February 1, 2007, followed by Canada on April 1, 2013. It has also been in use in France since 2008, albeit modified slightly by using damage indicators that take into account French constructio...

    The seven categories for the EF scale are listed below, in order of increasing intensity. Although the wind speeds and photographic damage examples have been updated, the damage descriptions given are based on those from the Fujita scale, which are more or less still accurate. However, for the actual EF scale in practice, damage indicators (the typ...

    The new scale takes into account the quality of construction and standardizes different kinds of structures. The wind speeds on the original scale were deemed by meteorologists and engineers as being too high, and engineering studies indicated that slower winds than initially estimated cause the respective degrees of damage.The old scale lists an F...

    For purposes such as tornado climatology studies, Enhanced Fujita scale ratings may be grouped into classes. Classifications are also used by NOAA's Storm Prediction Centerto determine whether the tornado was "significant". This same classification is also used by the National Weather Service. The National Weather Service of Quad Cities use a modif...

    Edwards, Roger; J. G. LaDue; J. T. Ferree; K. Scharfenberg; C. Maier; W. L. Coulbourne (2013). "Tornado Intensity Estimation: Past, Present, and Future". Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. 94 (5): 641–53. Bi...

    Fujita Scale Enhancement Project (Wind Science and Engineering Research Center at Texas Tech University)
    Symposium on the F-Scale and Severe-Weather Damage Assessment at American Meteorological Society
    A Guide to F-Scale Damage Assessment, MetEd, University Corporation for Atmospheric Research
  3. en.wikipedia.org › wiki › ElectronElectron - Wikipedia

    The electron ( e− , or β− in nuclear reactions) is a subatomic particle with a negative one elementary electric charge.[13] Electrons belong to the first generation of the lepton particle family,[14] and are generally thought to be elementary particles because they have no known components or substructure.[1] The electron's mass is ...

  4. en.wikipedia.org › wiki › CapacitorCapacitor - Wikipedia

    In electrical engineering, a capacitor is a device that stores electrical energy by accumulating electric charges on two closely spaced surfaces that are insulated from each other. The capacitor was originally known as the condenser, [1] a term still encountered in a few compound names, such as the condenser microphone.

  5. The Richter scale [1] ( / ˈrɪktər / ), also called the Richter magnitude scale, Richter's magnitude scale, and the Gutenberg–Richter scale, [2] is a measure of the strength of earthquakes, developed by Charles Francis Richter in collaboration with Beno Gutenberg, and presented in Richter's landmark 1935 paper, where he called it the "magnitude s...

  6. the free encyclopedia that anyone can edit. Bill Newton (8 June 1919 – 29 March 1943) was an Australian recipient of the Victoria Cross, honoured for his actions as a bomber pilot in Papua New Guinea during March 1943. Raised in Melbourne, he joined the Citizen Military Forces in 1938 and enlisted in the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) in ...

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