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2011年12月26日 · Summary. By Dave Pollard, [1] : "Jeff Vail's short, free online book A Theory of Power begins with a series of provocative theses: The best representation of our world, of what 'is', is not matter, but the connections between matter. These connections define 'power-relationships' -- the ability of one entity to influence the action. of another.
China has already formed a much larger and better down-top ecosystem, manifesting the ultimate goal of the Maker Movement – democratizing innovation. We call it the New Shanzhai. The Chinese word for Shanzhai can be traced back to year 1999-2000, representing the act of copying and duplicating brand products. In recent years, Shanzhai has ...
Josef Davies-Coates: " the model says that in order to be viable (i.e., able to autonomously adapt and survive in response to a changing environment) a system must have the following five sub-systems: System 1: Interacting operational units. Think organs in a body, or players in a team. System 2: Responsible for stability and conflict ...
P2P是指被创造的如下的生产方式：. - 通过生产者（他们可以取得所分配的资本）之间的自由合作产生使用价值：这就是对等生产模式，“第三种生产模式”，不同于国有企业的公营或营利性生产。. 其产品不具有市场上的交换价值，而在使用者团体中具有使用 ...
- Description
- Typology
- Discussion
- Key Books to Read
- More Information
The fundamental dichotomy suggested here (intrinsic vs. extrinsic) posits that motivations can be distinguished as either arising within and through the individual as a self-regulated phenomenon or by imposition from external sources or structures without a sense of free adoption or adaptation by the subject persons. From Alexander Kjerulf athttp:/...
Another typology, of "Social Value Orientations Categories", from Wikipedia: "Social value orientations are based on the assumption that individuals pursue different goals when making decisions for which the outcomes affect others. Social psychologists generally distinguish between five types of social value orientations. The main difference betwee...
Why Extrinsic Motivation Doesn't Work
From Alfred Kohn: "If a reward — money, awards, praise, or winning a contest — comes to be seen as the reason one is engaging in an activity, that activity will be viewed as less enjoyable in its own right."(http://naggum.no/motivation.html) "extrinsic motivation has some serious drawbacks: 1. It’s not sustainable - As soon as you withdraw the punishment or reward, the motivation disappears. 2. You get diminishing returns - If the punishment or rewards stay at the same levels, motivation slow...
Factors that promote intrinsic motivation
"What enhances intrinsic motivation? This webpagecites some research and lists the factors that create and sustain intrinsic motivation. The list includes: 1. Challenge - Being able to challenge yourself and accomplish new tasks. 1. Control - Having choice over what you do. 1. Cooperation - Being able to work with and help others. 1. Recognition - Getting meaningful, positive recognition for your work. To these I would add: 1. Happiness at work - People who like their job and their workplace...
How to avoid the Crowding Out of intrinsic motivation by extrinsic rewards
From a study by Tobias Assman on Incentives for Participation athttps://courses.ischool.berkeley.edu/i296a-3/f06/wiki/index.php/Incentives_for_participation: "The effects of external interventions on intrinsic motivation have been attributed to two psychological processes: (a) Impaired self-determination. When individuals perceive an external intervention to reduce their self-determination, they substitute intrinsic motivation by extrinsic control. Following Rotter (1966), the locus of contro...
Alfie Kohn. Punished by Rewards. Info at http://www.alfiekohn.org/books.htm Daniel Pink. Drive. Info at http://www.danpink.com/books/drive
Really great TED talk about the topic by Daniel Pink: http://www.ted.com/talks/view/id/618Lively RSA Animate, adapted from Dan Pink's talk at the RSA http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u6XAPnuFjJcPodcast about intrinsic motivation at http://positivesharing.com/2006/10/podcast-about-motivation/See our entry on the Crowding Outphenomenon.Definitions. The Commons is a general term for shared resources in which each stakeholder has an equal interest. Studies on the commons include the information commons with issues about public knowledge, the public domain, open science, and the free exchange of ideas -- all issues at the core of a direct democracy.
The solution is multicapitalism: capitalism designed to maintain all vital capitals, not just one of them: natural, human, social, constructed and economic at required levels. If we manage organizational performance in these terms, it should be possible to avoid ecocide; if not, ecocide seems inevitable. We need to shift from monocapitalism to ...
