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Voltage-gated chloride channels are important for setting cell resting membrane potential and maintaining proper cell volume. These channels conduct Cl− or other anions such as HCO− 3, I−, SCN−, and NO− 3. The structure of these channels are not like other known channels. The chloride channel subunits contain between 1 and 12 ...
What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Cite this page Get shortened URL Download QR code Melanophilin is a carrier protein which in humans is encoded by the MLPH gene. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene have been described, but the full-length nature of some of these variants has not been determined.
Chloride channel accessory 4, also known as CLCA4, is a protein which in humans CLCA4 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a chloride channel. [5] Protein structure prediction methods suggest the N-terminal region of CLCA4 protein is a zinc metalloprotease, and the protein is not an ion channel per se. [6]
- Anatomy
- Clinical Significance
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Origin
These nerves are grouped as the superior cluneal nerves due to their trajectory over the iliac spine, as opposed to the lateral, medial and inferior cluneal nerves. These nerves most commonly originate from the dorsal rami of the L1, L2, and L3 nerve roots. In cadaver studies, a small percentage of patients will also have origins at the L4 and L5 nerve roots.
Course and relations
After they branch off the dorsal rami, they pass through the erector spinae muscle, psoas major, paraspinal muscles, and then inferior latissimus dorsi to reach the iliac crest. The nerves then pass through an osteofibrous tunnel created by the thoracolumbar fascia and rim of the superior iliac crest. Cadaver studies have noted that some patients have boney grooves along the rim that house the superior cluneal nerves. On average, these grooves are found between 5–7 cm from the midline.These g...
Damage to the cluneal nerves can be from direct injury or from entrapment between the muscles or in the osteofibrous tunnel. Direct injury to the cluneal never can happen during posterior iliac crest harvest to obtain bone mineral for other surgeries, such as spinal arthrodesis. Entrapment of the nerve can occur at any point but is most common acro...
Diagram of the distribution of the cutaneous branches of the posterior divisions of the spinal nerves.Areas of distribution of the cutaneous branches of the posterior divisions of the spinal nerves.This protein is expressed specifically in noradrenergic cell types. It regulates the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine beta-hydroxylase, two catecholaminergic biosynthetic enzymes essential for the differentiation and maintenance of noradrenergic phenotype.
Amelanotic melanoma is a type of skin cancer in which the cells do not make any melanin. [1] : 696 [2] They can be pink, red, purple or of normal skin color, and are therefore difficult to diagnose correctly. They can occur anywhere on the body, just as a typical melanoma can. Often, amelanotic melanomas are mistaken for benign lesions ...
What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Cite this page Get shortened URL Download QR code Location of the Fairbanks North Star Borough in Alaska. This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Fairbanks North Star Borough, Alaska. ...
