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Cristiano Ronaldo dos Santos Aveiro GOIH ComM ( Portuguese pronunciation: [kɾiʃˈtjɐnu ʁɔˈnaldu]; born 5 February 1985) is a Portuguese professional footballer who plays as a forward for and captains both Saudi Pro League club Al Nassr and the Portugal national team.
Crystallinity refers to the degree of structural order in a solid. In a crystal, the atoms or molecules are arranged in a regular, periodic manner. The degree of crystallinity has a big influence on hardness, density, transparency and diffusion. In an ideal gas, the relative positions of the atoms or molecules are completely random.
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In addition to the familiar domestic uses of salt, more dominant applications of the approximately 250 million tonnes per year production (2008 data) include chemicals and de-icing.
Solid sodium chloride
In solid sodium chloride, each ion is surrounded by six ions of the opposite charge as expected on electrostatic grounds. The surrounding ions are located at the vertices of a regular octahedron. In the language of close-packing, the larger chloride ions (167 pm in size) are arranged in a cubic array whereas the smaller sodium ions (116 pm) fill all the cubic gaps (octahedral voids) between them. This same basic structure is found in many other compounds and is commonly known as the NaCl stru...
Aqueous solutions
The attraction between the Na+ and Cl− ions in the solid is so strong that only highly polar solventslike water dissolve NaCl well. When dissolved in water, the sodium chloride framework disintegrates as the Na+ and Cl− ions become surrounded by polar water molecules. These solutions consist of metal aquo complex with the formula [Na(H2O)8]+, with the Na–O distance of 250 pm. The chloride ions are also strongly solvated, each being surrounded by an average of six molecules of water. Solutions...
pH of sodium chloride solutions
The pH of a sodium chloride solution remains ≈7 due to the extremely weak basicity of the Cl− ion, which is the conjugate base of the strong acid HCl. In other words, NaCl has no effect on system pHin diluted solutions where the effects of ionic strength and activity coefficients are negligible.
Salt is found in the Earth's crust as the mineral halite (rock salt), and a tiny amount exists as suspended sea salt particles in the atmosphere.[citation needed] These particles are the dominant cloud condensation nuclei far out at sea, which allow the formation of clouds in otherwise non-polluted air.
Salt is currently mass-produced by evaporation of seawater or brine from brine wells and salt lakes. Mining of rock salt is also a major source. China is the world's main supplier of salt. In 2017, world production was estimated at 280 million tonnes, the top five producers (in million tonnes) being China (68.0), United States (43.0), India (26.0),...
Haynes, William M., ed. (2011). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (92nd ed.). CRC Press. ISBN 978-1439855119.
Salt United States Geological SurveyStatistics and Information"Using Salt and Sand for Winter Road Maintenance". Road Management Journal. December 1997. Archived from the original on 21 September 2016. Retrieved 13 February 2007.Calculators: surface tensions, and densities, molarities and molalitiesof aqueous NaCl (and other salts)Ronald James Read (October 23, 1921 – June 2, 2014) was an American philanthropist, investor, janitor, and gas station attendant. Read grew up in Dummerston, Vermont, in an impoverished farming household. He walked or hitchhiked 4 mi (6.4 km) daily to his high school and was the first high school graduate in his family. He enlisted in the ...
Over 27,000. A chondrite / ˈkɒndraɪt / is a stony (non- metallic) meteorite that has not been modified, by either melting or differentiation of the parent body. [a] [1] They are formed when various types of dust and small grains in the early Solar System accreted to form primitive asteroids. Some such bodies that are captured in the planet's ...
Chloropicrin, also known as PS (from Port Sunlight [4]) and nitrochloroform, is a chemical compound currently used as a broad-spectrum antimicrobial, fungicide, herbicide, insecticide, and nematicide. [5] . It was used as a poison gas in World War I and the Russian Invasion of Ukraine. in 2024 [6] Its chemical structural formula is Cl 3 C − N O 2 .
Weight 1,111 carats (222.2 g; 7.14 ozt) Dimensions 65 mm × 56 mm × 40 mm (2.6 in × 2.2 in × 1.6 in) Colour Colourless/white, type IIaCut Lesedi La Rona, formerly known in media as Karowe AK6 or as Quad 1 [1] by the personnel at the mine, [not verified in body] is the fifth-largest diamond ever found, and the third-largest of gem quality.
