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An HPV infection is caused by the human papillomavirus, a DNA virus from the papillomavirus family. [8] Over 200 types have been described. [9] An individual can become infected with more than one type of HPV, [10] and the disease is only known to affect humans.
HPV vaccine. Human papillomavirus ( HPV) vaccines are vaccines that prevent infection by certain types of human papillomavirus (HPV). [19] Available HPV vaccines protect against either two, four, or nine types of HPV. [19] [20] All HPV vaccines protect against at least HPV types 16 and 18, which cause the greatest risk of cervical cancer. [19]
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Gardasil is available as Gardasil which protects against 4 types of HPV (6, 11, 16, 18) and Gardasil 9 which protects against an additional 5 types (31, 33, 45, 52, 58).
In the United States, Gardasil is indicated for: 1. girls and women 9 through 45 years of age for the prevention of the following diseases: 1.1. Cervical, vulvar, vaginal, anal, oropharyngeal and other head and neck cancers caused by Human Papillomavirus (HPV) types 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58. 1.2. Genital warts (condyloma acuminata) caused by ...
As of April 2014[update], more than 170 million doses of Gardasil had been distributed worldwide. The vaccine was tested in thousands of females (ages 9 to 26). The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) consider the vaccine to be safe. It does not contain mercury, thiomersal, live viruses ...
The following are the ingredients found in the different formulations of HPV vaccines: 1. Major capsid protein L1 epitopeof HPV types 6, 11, 16, and 18 (Gardasil) 2. Major capsid protein L1 epitope of HPV types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58 (Gardasil-9) 3. Major capsid protein L1 epitope of HPV types 16 and 18 (Cervarix) 4. amorphous alumin...
Research findings that pioneered the development of the vaccine began in 1991 by investigators Jian Zhou and Ian Frazer in The University of Queensland, Australia. Researchers at UQ found a way to form non-infectious virus-like particles (VLP), which could also strongly activate the immune system. Subsequently, the final form of the vaccine was dev...
United States
A few conservative groups, such as the Family Research Council (FRC), have expressed their fears that vaccination with Gardasil might give girls a false sense of security regarding sex and lead to promiscuity, but no evidence exists to suggest that girls who were vaccinated went on to engage in more sexual activity than unvaccinated girls. Merck, the manufacturer of the vaccine, has lobbied that state governments make vaccination with Gardasil mandatory for school attendance, which has upset...
Japan
In June 2013, the Japanese government issued a notice that "cervical cancer vaccinations should no longer be recommended for girls aged 12 to 16" while an investigation is conducted into certain adverse events including pain and numbness in 38 girls. The vaccines sold in Japan are Cervarix, made by GSK plc (formerly GlaxoSmithKline) of the United Kingdom, and Gardasil, made by Merck Sharp & Dohme. An estimated 3.28 million people have received the vaccination; 1,968 cases of possible side eff...
"HPV (Human Papillomavirus) Vaccine Information Statement". U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC). 2 June 2022.Papillomavirus Vaccines at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings(MeSH)"Gardasil–Presence of DNA Fragments Expected, No Safety Risk". U.S. Food and Drug Administration(FDA). 21 October 2011."FDA Study-No association between VTE and Gardasil Vaccination". U.S. Food and Drug Administration(FDA). 23 April 2015.All known papillomavirus types infect a particular body surface, [2] typically the skin or mucosal epithelium of the genitals, anus, mouth, or airways. [8] For example, human papillomavirus (HPV) type 1 tends to infect the soles of the feet, and HPV type 2 the palms of the hands, where they may cause warts.
HPV types 6 and 11 are responsible for causing majority of genital warts whereas HPV types 16, 18, 31, 33, and 35 are also occasionally found. It is spread through direct skin-to-skin contact, usually during oral , manual , vaginal , or anal sex with an infected partner.
A squamous cell papilloma is a generally benign papilloma that arises from the stratified squamous epithelium of the skin, lip, oral cavity, tongue, pharynx, larynx, esophagus, cervix, vagina or anal canal.
Parvovirus B19. Human parvovirus B19, generally referred to as B19 virus (B19V), parvovirus B19 [1] or sometimes erythrovirus B19, [2] is a known human virus in the family Parvoviridae, genus Erythroparvovirus; it measures only 23–26 nm in diameter. [3] Human parvovirus b19 is a below-species classification of Erythroparvovirus primate1. [4]
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