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2010年2月18日 · "The concept for Open Channel Software was developed in early 1999 by Douglas Curry in collaboration with Professors Stuart Kurtz and Ridgway Scott, both on the faculty of the University of Chicago. These individuals saw the need for a new mechanism to efficiently publish software from the university while allowing for the commercialization of ...
- Definition
- Typology
- Consequences of The Power Law
- Discussion
- Research: The Power Law Does Not Always Operate
- Designing Against The Power Law
- More Information
"In systems where many people are free to choose between many options, a small subset of the whole will get a disproportionate amount of traffic (or attention, or income), even if no members of the system actively work towards such an outcome. The very act of choosing, spread widely enough and freely enough, creates a power law distribution."
"The best-known power law is probably 1. the Pareto Principle, which is otherwise known as the "80/20 law." It's been overused throughout the years; Pareto's actual law only said that 80% of the wealth would be held by 20% of the population. However, it offers a fine example of how power laws work. They generally describe a discrepancy between inte...
Consequences of the power law in scale-free networks: "A scale-free network is one that obeys a power law distribution in the number of connections between nodes on the network. Some few nodes exhibit extremely high connectivity (essentially scale-free) while the vast majority are relatively poorly connected. The reason that scale-free networks eme...
Clay Shirky: inequality is not always unfair
Classic discusion of how the power law operates in blogs, and why it is inevitable, by one of the most influential commentators, by Clay Shirky. URL = http://shirky.com/writings/powerlaw_weblog.html "A persistent theme among people writing about the social aspects of weblogging is to note (and usually lament) the rise of an A-list, a small set of webloggers who account for a majority of the traffic in the weblog world. This complaint follows a common pattern we've seen with MUDs, BBSes, and o...
Stephen Downes: a critique of the 'naturalism' of the concept
A critique by Stephen Downes at http://www.downes.ca/cgi-bin/page.cgi?post=33034 "Power Laws and Inequalities Much of the work in networks has been on what are called 'scale-free' networks. A scale-free network is (as people like Barabasi have shown) distinct from a random network in that some entities in the network have a much higher degree of connectedness than others. True, in a random network, there will be a certain variance in distribution, but in a scale free network this variance is...
Ross Mayfield's research
The following table by Ross Mayfield summarises recent research, showing that small groups can maintain egalitarian networks: Network //Size //Description //Distribution Political Network //~1000s //Blogs as mass media //Power-law (scale-free) Social Network //~150 //Blogging Classic //Bell-curve (random) Creative Network //~12 //Blogs as dinner conversation //Dense (equal) After reviewing data of work relationships, information flows and knowledge exchanges from hundreds of consulting assign...
Philippe Aigrain's research
An empirical study by Philippe Aigrain in First Monday shows that free music and free text communities do considerable better than Zipf's Lawin guaranteeing access to the middle layers material in their collection.
The Power Law as the Motor of History
George Modelskion the temporality of change as a consequence of the Power Law: Someone who has studied the temporality of human civilisational change is George Modelski with his theories on 'evolutionary' politics', with some of his conclusions, that 'the rate of change is tapering off' being counter-intuitive. He foresees a period where technological change would co-exist with a stabilized social structure. His conclusions are based on combining various observable trends in one integrated in...
Stephen Downes on Alternatives to the Power Law
Stephen Dowes: 1. Balancing out the power law through connective diversity "In order therefore to successfully counterbalance the tendency toward a cascade phenomenon in the realm of public knowledge, the excesses made possible by an unrefrained scale-free network need to be counterbalanced through either one of two mechanisms: either a reduction in the number of connections afforded by the very few, or an increase in the denisity of the local network for individual entities. Either of these...
Michel Bauwens discusses the power law in chapter five of the online manuscript on peer to peer.Bokardo on how aggregate displays influence user behaviour2020年11月25日 · From the Wikipedia: 1. "The hacker ethic comprises the values and philosophy that are standard in the hacker community. The early hacker culture and resulting philosophy originated at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in the 1950s and 1960s. The term 'hacker ethic' is attributed to journalist Steven Levy as described in his book ...
- David A. Curry, Implications of an Eroding Network Perimeter. - Dean De Beer, Supercomputing, Malware, and Correlation (What a year in the life of a MD5 taught us). - Benjamin Mako Hill, Learning from Failures of Collective Action. - Benjamin Bratton, On ...
Stephen Talbott: "I’d like you to think for a moment of the various words we use to designate technological products. You will notice that a number of these words have a curious double aspect: they, or their cognate forms, can refer either to external objects we make, or to certain inner activities of the maker.
About the same time, leading technologists Elon Musk, Bill Gates, and Stephen Hawking said that they regard human-level artificial intelligence as an existential threat to the human race. This Article argues that algorithmic entities—legal entities that have no human controllers—greatly exacerbate the threat of artificial intelligence.
The epochalism that Evgeny Morozov identifies in his book is the epochalism of techno-utopians who think that the rise of the Internet and ubiquitous connectivity via cell phones and other mobile devices will soon sweep away all forms of corruption, injustice and inefficiency, and everything else that that stands between us and an earthly paradise.
