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- 869.00+2.00 (+0.23%)2024/05/28 02:54 臺灣股市 將在 6 小時 6 分鐘 期間開市 (報價延遲20分鐘)。
- 昨收867.00開盤872.00委買價868.00委賣價869.00
- 今日價格區間866.00 - 878.0052週價格區間516.00 - 878.00成交量27684 張平均成交量39937 張
- 市值22536.30 億本益比 (最近12個月)25.90營運報告/法說會日期2024-07-18除權除息日2024-06-13
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TSMC was founded in Taiwan in 1987 by Morris Chang as the world's first dedicated semiconductor foundry. It has long been the leading company in its field. [15] [16] When Chang retired in 2018, after 31 years of TSMC leadership, Mark Liu became chairman and C. C. Wei became Chief Executive.
Eigenvalues and eigenvectors. In linear algebra, it is often important to know which vectors have their directions unchanged by a given linear transformation. An eigenvector ( / ˈaɪɡən -/ EYE-gən-) or characteristic vector is such a vector. Thus an eigenvector of a linear transformation is scaled by a constant factor when the linear ...
Excess steam from the drywell enters the wetwell water pool via downcomer pipes. SFP: spent fuel pool area. SCSW: secondary concrete shield wall. The Fukushima nuclear accident was a major nuclear accident at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant in Ōkuma, Fukushima, Japan which began on March 11, 2011.
The resistivity can be expressed using the SI unit ohm metre (Ω⋅m) — i.e. ohms multiplied by square metres (for the cross-sectional area) then divided by metres (for the length).Both resistance and resistivity describe how difficult it is to make electrical current flow through a material, but unlike resistance, resistivity is an intrinsic property and does not depend on geometric ...
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Plasma was first identified in laboratory by Sir William Crookes. Crookes presented a lecture on what he called "radiant matter" to the British Association for the Advancement of Science, in Sheffield, on Friday, 22 August 1879.However, systematical studies of plasma began with the research of Irving Langmuirand his colleagues in 1920's. Langmuir a...
The fourth state of matter
Plasma is called the fourth state of matter after solid, liquid, and gas.It is a state of matter in which an ionized substance becomes highly electrically conductive to the point that long-range electric and magnetic fieldsdominate its behaviour. Plasma is typically an electrically quasineutral medium of unbound positive and negative particles (i.e. the overall charge of a plasma is roughly zero). Although these particles are unbound, they are not "free" in the sense of not experiencing force...
Ideal plasma
Three factors define an ideal plasma: 1. The plasma approximation: The plasma approximation applies when the plasma parameter Λ, representing the number of charge carriers within the Debye sphere is much higher than unity.It can be readily shown that this criterion is equivalent to smallness of the ratio of the plasma electrostatic and thermal energy densities. Such plasmas are called weakly coupled. 2. Bulk interactions: The Debye lengthis much smaller than the physical size of the plasma. T...
Non-neutral plasma
The strength and range of the electric force and the good conductivity of plasmas usually ensure that the densities of positive and negative charges in any sizeable region are equal ("quasineutrality"). A plasma with a significant excess of charge density, or, in the extreme case, is composed of a single species, is called a non-neutral plasma. In such a plasma, electric fields play a dominant role. Examples are charged particle beams, an electron cloud in a Penning trapand positron plasmas.
Density and ionization degree
For plasma to exist, ionization is necessary. The term "plasma density" by itself usually refers to the electron density n e {\displaystyle n_{e}} , that is, the number of free electrons per unit volume. The degree of ionization α {\displaystyle \alpha } is defined as fraction of neutral particles that are ionized: 1. α = n i n i + n n {\displaystyle \alpha ={\frac {n_{i}}{n_{i}+n_{n}}}} , where n i {\displaystyle n_{i}} is the ion density and n n {\displaystyle n_{n}} the neutral density (in...
Temperature
Plasma temperature, commonly measured in kelvin or electronvolts, is a measure of the thermal kinetic energy per particle. High temperatures are usually needed to sustain ionization, which is a defining feature of a plasma. The degree of plasma ionization is determined by the electron temperature relative to the ionization energy (and more weakly by the density). In thermal equilibrium, the relationship is given by the Saha equation. At low temperatures, ions and electrons tend to recombine i...
Plasma potential
Since plasmas are very good electrical conductors, electric potentials play an important role.[clarification needed] The average potential in the space between charged particles, independent of how it can be measured, is called the "plasma potential", or the "space potential". If an electrode is inserted into a plasma, its potential will generally lie considerably below the plasma potential due to what is termed a Debye sheath. The good electrical conductivity of plasmas makes their electric...
To completely describe the state of a plasma, all of theparticle locations and velocities that describe the electromagnetic field in the plasma region would need to be written down.However, it is generally not practical or necessary to keep track of all the particles in a plasma.[citation needed]Therefore, plasma physicists commonly use less detail...
Plasmas are the object of study of the academic field of plasma science or plasma physics, including sub-disciplines such as space plasma physics. It currently involves the following fields of active research and features across many journals, whose interest includes: Plasmas can appear in nature in various forms and locations, which can be usefull...
Although the underlying equations governing plasmas are relatively simple, plasma behaviour is extraordinarily varied and subtle: the emergence of unexpected behaviour from a simple model is a typical feature of a complex system. Such systems lie in some sense on the boundary between ordered and disordered behaviour and cannot typically be describe...
Hall effect thruster. The electric field in a plasma double layer is so effective at accelerating ions that electric fields are used in ion drives.Plasma sprayingTokamak plasma in nuclear fusion researchIntroduction to Plasma Physics: Graduate course given by Richard Fitzpatrick|M.I.T. Introduction by I.H.HutchinsonHow to make a glowing ball of plasma in your microwave with a grape|More (Video)The 828-metre (2,717 ft) tall Burj Khalifa in Dubai has been the tallest building since 2010. The Burj Khalifa has been classified as megatall. A diagram showing the tallest buildings as of 2024 This is a list of the tallest buildings.Tall buildings, such as skyscrapers, are intended here as enclosed structures with continuously occupiable floors and a height of at least 340 metres (1,120 ft).
In mathematics, the logarithm is the inverse function to exponentiation. That means that the logarithm of a number x to the base b is the exponent to which b must be raised to produce x. For example, since 1000 = 103, the logarithm base 10 {\displaystyle 10} of 1000 is 3, or log10 (1000) = 3. The logarithm of x to base b is denoted as logb (x ...
