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  1. en.wikipedia.org › wiki › GlucosamineGlucosamine - Wikipedia

    Glucosamine (C6H13NO5) is an amino sugar and a prominent precursor in the biochemical synthesis of glycosylated proteins and lipids. Glucosamine is part of the structure of two polysaccharides, chitosan and chitin. Glucosamine is one of the most abundant monosaccharides.[2] Produced commercially by the hydrolysis of shellfish exoskeletons or ...

  2. Chondroitin sulfate is a sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) [1] composed of a chain of alternating sugars ( N-acetylgalactosamine and glucuronic acid ). It is usually found attached to proteins as part of a proteoglycan. [1] A chondroitin chain can have over 100 individual sugars, each of which can be sulfated in variable positions and quantities ...

  3. en.wikipedia.org › wiki › ThiamineThiamine - Wikipedia

    Definition Thiamine is one of the B vitamins and is also known as vitamin B 1. It is a cation that is usually supplied as a chloride salt.It is soluble in water, methanol and glycerol, but practically insoluble in less polar organic solvents. In the body, thiamine can form derivatives; the most well-characterized of which is thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP), a coenzyme in the catabolism of sugars ...

  4. en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Vitamin_B12Vitamin B12 - Wikipedia

    Vitamin B12, also known as cobalamin, is a water-soluble vitamin involved in metabolism.[2] It is one of eight B vitamins. It is required by animals, which use it as a cofactor in DNA synthesis, and in both fatty acid and amino acid metabolism.[3] It is important in the normal functioning of the nervous system via its role in the synthesis of ...

  5. en.wikipedia.org › wiki › DopamineDopamine - Wikipedia

    Dopamine (DA, a contraction of 3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine) is a neuromodulatory molecule that plays several important roles in cells. It is an organic chemical of the catecholamine and phenethylamine families. Dopamine constitutes about 80% of the catecholamine content in the brain. It is an amine synthesized by removing a carboxyl group from ...

  6. en.wikipedia.org › wiki › SemaglutideSemaglutide - Wikipedia

    Semaglutide is an antidiabetic medication used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and an anti-obesity medication used for long-term weight management.[19][20][21] It is a peptide similar to the hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), modified with a side chain.[22][23] It can be administered by subcutaneous injection or taken orally.[24][13 ...

  7. en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Amino_acidAmino acid - Wikipedia

    Structure of a typical L-alpha-amino acid in the "neutral" form Amino acids are organic compounds that contain both amino and carboxylic acid functional groups.[1] Although over 500 amino acids exist in nature, by far the most important are the 22 α-amino acids incorporated into proteins.[2] Only these 22 appear in the genetic code of life.[3 ...

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