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The city is located on the southern estuary of the Yangtze River, with the Huangpu River flowing through it. The population of the city proper is the third largest in the world, with around 29.2 million inhabitants in 2023, while the urban area is the most populous in China, with 39.3 million residents.
Shanghai is located in the middle of China's east coast, near the mouth of the Yangtze River, being one of the core cities in the Yangtze River Delta region and one of the coastal cities in China. It is bordered by the Yangtze River to the north, the East China Sea to the east, Hangzhou Bay to the south, and Jiangsu and Zhejiang ...
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- Early Era
- Ming Dynasty
- Qing Dynasty
- Republic of China
- End of Old Shanghai
- Early Communist Rule
- Economic and Cultural Rebound
- See Also
- Further Reading
Around 6000 BCE, only the western part of the Shanghai region encompassing today's Qingpu, Songjiang and Jinshan districts were dry land formed by lacustrine silting from ancient Lake Tai. The modern Jiading, Minhang and Fengxiandistricts emerged around 1,000 BC while the downtown area remained underwater. The earliest Neolithic settlements known i...
By the early 15th century, Shanghai had become important enough for Ming dynasty engineers to begin dredging the Huangpu River (also known as Shen). In 1553, a city wall was built around the Old Town (Nanshi) as a defense against the depredations of the Wokou (Japanese pirates). Shanghai had its first contact with the Jesuits in 1603 when the Shang...
During the late Qing dynasty, Shanghai's economy began to rival that of the traditionally larger market at Suzhou. In the 18th and early 19th centuries, exports of cotton, silk, and fertilizer reached as far as Polynesia and Persia. In 1832, the East India Company explored Shanghai and the Yangzi River as a potential trading center for tea, silk, a...
The 1911 Xinhai Revolution, spurred in part by actions against the native-owned railways around Shanghai, led to the establishment of the Republic of China. During that time, Shanghai became the focal point of many activities that would eventually shape modern China. In 1936, Shanghai was one of the largest cities in the world with 3 million inhabi...
World War II and the Japanese Occupation
The Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service bombed Shanghai on January 28, 1932, nominally to crush Chinese student protests against the Japanese occupation of Manchuria. The Chinese fought back in what was known as the January 28 Incident. The two sides fought to a standstill and a ceasefire was brokered in May. During the Second Sino-Japanese War, the Chinese-controlled parts of the city fell after the 1937 Battle of Shanghai (known in China as the Battle of Songhu).: 10–11 The foreign concessio...
End of the Foreign Concessions
Following the attack on Pearl Harbor, the Japanese ended all foreign concessions in Shanghai except for the French. This state of affairs was conceded by an Anglo-Chinese Friendship Treaty in 1943.[clarification needed]The French themselves ceded their privileges in 1946 following the end of World War II.
Communist Transition
In the last phases of the Chinese Civil War, the Shanghai Campaign brought the urban core of the city under the control of Chen Yi's People's Liberation Army and the Chinese Communist Party on May 25, 1949. The districts immediately north of Suzhou Creek were taken the next day and the entire present municipality including Chongming Island subsequently fell by the first days of June. The Republic of China Army had vowed to make the city "China's Stalingrad" the way it had previously contested...
Home of leftism
Shanghai was, along with Beijing, the only former ROC municipalitynot merged into neighboring provinces over the next decade. Shanghai then underwent a series of changes in the boundaries of its subdivisions. During the 1950s and 1960s, Shanghai became an industrial center and center for revolutionary leftism.[citation needed] The city stagnated economically during the Maoist era.[citation needed] Shanghai remained the largest contributor of tax revenue to the central government, but this cam...
Although political power in Shanghai has traditionally been seen as a stepping stone to higher positions within the PRC central government,[citation needed] the city's modern transformation really did not begin until the third generation General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party Jiang Zemin came to power in 1989. Along with his premier Zhu R...
Arkaraprasertkul, Non. "Power, politics, and the making of Shanghai." Journal of Planning History9.4 (2010): 232–259, since 1980Balfour, Alan and Zheng Zhiling, Shanghai (Chichester 2002).Bergère, Marie-Claire. Shanghai: China's Gateway to Modernity(Stanford University Press, 2009). 497ppBickers, Robert. "Shanghailanders: The formation and identity of the British settler community in Shanghai 1843-1937." Past and Present (1998): 161-211. in JSTORToday. Gallery. See also. References. External links. Old City (Shanghai) Coordinates: 31.225°N 121.485°E. A 17th-century painting showing the city wall of the Old City of Shanghai and the river port outside the wall.
Shanghai Tower (Chinese: 上海中心大厦; pinyin: Shànghǎi Zhōngxīn Dàshà; Shanghainese: Zånhe Tsonsin Dusa; lit. 'Shanghai Center Building') is a 128-story, 632-meter-tall (2,073 ft) megatall skyscraper located in Lujiazui, Pudong, Shanghai.
The Port of Shanghai ( Chinese: 上海港; pinyin: Shànghǎi Gǎng ; Wu; Zånhae Kån ), located in the vicinity of Shanghai, comprises a deep-sea port and a river port. The main port enterprise in Shanghai, the Shanghai International Port Group (SIPG), was established during the reconstitution of the Shanghai Port Authority.
Many universities in Shanghai are located in Yangpu, Minhang, and Songjiang Districts. Seven of the districts are situated in Puxi (literally Huangpu West), or the older part of urban Shanghai on the west bank of the Huangpu River.
