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  1. The complement system, also known as complement cascade, is a part of the humoral, innate immune system and enhances (complements) the ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells to clear microbes and damaged cells from an organism, promote inflammation, and attack the pathogen 's cell membrane. [1] Despite being part of the innate immune system ...

  2. Complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) is an effector function of IgG and IgM antibodies.When they are bound to surface antigen on target cell (e.g. bacterial or viral infected cell), the classical complement pathway is triggered by bonding protein C1q to these antibodies, resulting in formation of a membrane attack complex (MAC) and target cell lysis.

  3. en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Vitamin_B12Vitamin B12 - Wikipedia

    Vitamin B12, also known as cobalamin, is a water-soluble vitamin involved in metabolism.[2] It is one of eight B vitamins. It is required by animals, which use it as a cofactor in DNA synthesis, and in both fatty acid and amino acid metabolism.[3] It is important in the normal functioning of the nervous system via its role in the synthesis of ...

  4. en.wikipedia.org › wiki › SemaglutideSemaglutide - Wikipedia

    Semaglutide is an antidiabetic medication used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and an anti-obesity medication used for long-term weight management.[19][20][21] It is a peptide similar to the hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), modified with a side chain.[22][23] It can be administered by subcutaneous injection or taken orally.[24][13 ...

  5. Mannan-binding lectin serine protease 1 also known as mannose-associated serine protease 1 (MASP-1) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MASP1 gene. [5] [6] [7] MASP-1 is involved in the lectin pathway of the complement system and is responsible for activating MASP-2 and MASP-3. [8] It is also involved in the process of cleaving ...

  6. en.wikipedia.org › wiki › OxytocinOxytocin - Wikipedia

    Oxytocin is a peptide hormone and neuropeptide normally produced in the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary.[4] Present in animals since early stages of evolution, in humans it plays roles in behavior that include social bonding, love, reproduction, childbirth, and the period after childbirth.[5][6][7][8] Oxytocin is released ...

  7. en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Amino_acidAmino acid - Wikipedia

    Structure of a typical L-alpha-amino acid in the "neutral" form Amino acids are organic compounds that contain both amino and carboxylic acid functional groups.[1] Although over 500 amino acids exist in nature, by far the most important are the 22 α-amino acids incorporated into proteins.[2] Only these 22 appear in the genetic code of life.[3 ...

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