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Ishana Night Shyamalan (born 1999 or 2000) [1] is an American filmmaker. She made her directorial debut with the 2024 horror film The Watchers, which was produced by her father, M. Night Shyamalan . Early life. Shyamalan was born and raised in Philadelphia. [2] . She is a daughter of filmmaker M. Night Shyamalan.
Arnold Bennett (1867–1931) was an English author who wrote 34 novels, 7 volumes of short stories and a daily journal of more than a million words. He also wrote or co-wrote 13 plays, wrote articles and stories for more than 100 newspapers and periodicals, worked in and briefly ran the UK's Ministry of Information in the First World War, and ...
There are at least 108 mountains on Earth with elevations of 7,200 m (23,600 ft; 4.5 mi) or greater above sea level. Of these, 14 are more than 8,000 m (26,000 ft; 5.0 mi). [1] The vast majority of these mountains are located on the edge of the Indian and Eurasian plates in China, India, Nepal, and Pakistan .
- History
- Features
- Styles and Organizations
- Equipment and Facilities
- Ranks, Belts, and Promotion
- Forms
- Philosophy
- Competitions
- List of Competitions
- Taekwondo Korean Terms
Emergence of various kwans
Beginning in 1945, shortly after the end of World War II and the Japanese occupation, new martial arts schools called kwans opened in Seoul. These schools were established by Korean martial artists with backgrounds in Japanese and Chinese martial arts. Early progenitors of taekwondo—the founders of the nine original kwans—who were able to study in Japan were exposed to Japanese martial arts, including karate, judo, and kendo,while others were exposed to the martial arts of China and Manchuria...
Attempt to standardize taekwondo
In 1952, South Korean president Syngman Rhee witnessed a martial arts demonstration by South Korean Army officers Choi Hong-hi and Nam Tae-hi from the 29th Infantry Division. He misrecognized the technique on display as taekkyon,[page needed] and urged martial arts to be introduced to the army under a single system. Beginning in 1955 the leaders of the kwans began discussing in earnest the possibility of creating a unified Korean martial art. Until then, "Tang Soo Do" was the term used for Ko...
Development of multiple styles
In 1959, the Korea Tang Soo Do Association (later Korea Taekwondo Association or KTA) was established to facilitate the unification of Korean martial arts. Choi wanted all the other member kwans of the KTA to adopt his own Chan Hon-style of taekwondo, as a unified style. This was, however, met with resistance as the other kwans instead wanted a unified style to be created based on inputs from all the kwans, to serve as a way to bring on the heritage and characteristics of all of the styles, n...
Taekwondo is characterized by its emphasis on head-height kicks, jumping and spinning kicks, and fast kicking techniques. In fact, WT sparring competitions award additional points for strikes that incorporate spinning kicks, kicks to the head, or both.
There are a number of major taekwondo styles as well as a few niche styles. Most styles are associated with a governing body or federation that defines the style.The major technical differences among taekwondo styles and organizations generally revolve around: 1. the patterns practiced by each style (called 형; hyeong, pumsae 품새, or tul 틀, depending...
A taekwondo practitioner typically wears a dobok (도복; 道服) uniform with a belt tied around the waist. When sparring, padded equipment is usually worn. In the ITF tradition, typically only the hands and feet are padded. In the Kukkiwon/WT tradition, full-contact sparring is facilitated by the employment of more extensive equipment: padded helmets cal...
Taekwondo ranks vary from style to style and are not standardized. For junior ranks, ranks are indicated by a number and the term (급; 級; geup, gup, or kup), which represents belt color. A belt color may have a stripe in it. Ranks typically count down from higher numbers to lower ones. For senior ranks ("black belt" ranks), each rank is called a dan...
Three Korean terms may be used with reference to taekwondo forms or patterns. These forms are equivalent to katain karate. 1. Hyeong (sometimes hyung; 형; 形) is the term usually used in Traditional Taekwondo (i.e., 1950s–1960s styles of Korean martial arts). 2. Poomsae (sometimes pumsae or formerly poomse; 품새; 品勢) is the term officially used by Kukk...
Different styles of taekwondo adopt different philosophical underpinnings. Many of these underpinnings however refer back to the Five Commandments of the Hwarang as a historical referent. For example, Choi Hong-hi expressed his philosophical basis for taekwondo as the Five Tenets of Taekwondo: 1. Courtesy (예의; 禮儀; yeui) 2. Integrity (염치; 廉恥; yeomch...
Taekwondo competitions typically involve sparring, breaking, and patterns; some tournaments also include special events such as demonstration teams and self-defense (hosinsul). In Olympic taekwondo competitions, however, only sparring (using WT competition rules) is performed. There are two kinds of competition sparring: point sparring, in which al...
World Taekwondo competitions
World Taekwondo (WT) directly sanctions the following competitions: 1. World Taekwondo Poomsae Championships 2. World Taekwondo Championships 3. World Para Taekwondo Championships(since 2009) 4. World Taekwondo Cadet Championships 5. World Taekwondo Junior Championships 6. World Taekwondo Team Championships 7. World Taekwondo Para Championships 8. World Taekwondo Grand Prix 9. World Taekwondo Grand Slam 10. World Taekwondo Beach Championships 11. Olympic Games 12. Paralympic Games(debut in 20...
Other tournaments
These feature WT Taekwondo only:[citation needed] 1. African Games 2. Asian Games 3. European Games 4. Pacific Games 5. Pan American Games 6. Universiade Taekwondo is also an optional sport at the Commonwealth Games.[citation needed]
Weight divisions
The following weight divisions are in effect due to the WT and ITFtournament rules and regulations:
In taekwondo schools—even outside Korea—Korean language commands and vocabulary are often used. Korean numerals may be used as prompts for commands or for counting repetition exercises. Different schools and associations will use different vocabulary, however, and may even refer to entirely different techniques by the same name. As one example, in ...
The Japanese word sakura (桜 or 櫻; さくら or サクラ) can mean either the tree or its flowers (see 桜). The cherry blossom is considered the national flower of Japan, and is central to the custom of hanami.
The Annapurna range of the Himalayas. Aerial view of the Himalayas. Marsyangdi valley with Annapurna II. The Himalayas consists of four parallel mountain ranges from south to north: the Sivalik Hills on the south; the Lower Himalayan Range; the Great Himalayas, which is the highest and central range; and the Tibetan Himalayas on the north. [16] .
General elections were held in India from 19 April to 1 June 2024 in seven phases, to elect all 543 members of the Lok Sabha. [a] Votes were counted and the result was declared on 4 June to form the 18th Lok Sabha.
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