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The Statue of Liberty (Liberty Enlightening the World; French: La Liberté éclairant le monde) is a colossal neoclassical sculpture on Liberty Island in New York Harbor, within New York City.The copper statue, a gift to the U.S. from the people of France, was designed by French sculptor Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi and its metal framework was built by Gustave Eiffel.
- 3.2 million (in 2009)
according to International Monetary Fund estimates [n 1] [1] Countries by nominal GDP in 2019 [n 2] > $20 trillion. $10–20 trillion. $5–10 trillion. $1–5 trillion. $750 billion – $1 trillion. $500–750 billion. $250–500 billion.
The Internet of things (IoT) describes devices with sensors, processing ability, software and other technologies that connect and exchange data with other devices and systems over the Internet or other communications networks.[1][2][3][4][5] The Internet of things encompasses electronics, communication, and computer science engineering ...
- Definitive Standards
- Description of The Ciphers
- Security
- Nist/Csec Validation
- Test Vectors
- Performance
- See Also
- External Links
The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is defined in each of: 1. FIPS PUB 197: Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) 2. ISO/IEC 18033-3: Block ciphers
AES is based on a design principle known as a substitution–permutation network, and is efficient in both software and hardware. Unlike its predecessor DES, AES does not use a Feistel network. AES is a variant of Rijndael, with a fixed block size of 128 bits, and a key size of 128, 192, or 256 bits. By contrast, Rijndael per se is specified with blo...
The National Security Agency (NSA) reviewed all the AES finalists, including Rijndael, and stated that all of them were secure enough for U.S. Government non-classified data. In June 2003, the U.S. Government announced that AES could be used to protect classified information: AES has 10 rounds for 128-bit keys, 12 rounds for 192-bit keys, and 14 ro...
The Cryptographic Module Validation Program (CMVP) is operated jointly by the United States Government's National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Computer Security Division and the Communications Security Establishment (CSE) of the Government of Canada. The use of cryptographic modules validated to NIST FIPS 140-2 is required by the Un...
Test vectors are a set of known ciphers for a given input and key. NIST distributes the reference of AES test vectors as AES Known Answer Test (KAT) Vectors.[note 7]
High speed and low RAM requirements were some of the criteria of the AES selection process. As the chosen algorithm, AES performed well on a wide variety of hardware, from 8-bit smart cardsto high-performance computers. On a Pentium Pro, AES encryption requires 18 clock cycles per byte (cpb),equivalent to a throughput of about 11 MiB/s for a 200 MH...
"Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)" (PDF). Federal Information Processing Standards. 26 November 2001. doi:10.6028/NIST.FIPS.197. 197."Part 3: Block ciphers" (PDF). Information technology – Security techniques – Encryption algorithms (2nd ed.). ISO. 2010-12-15. ISO/IEC 18033-3:2010(E). Archived (PDF)from the original on 2022-10-09.Four UN members (Cuba, Liechtenstein, Monaco and North Korea) do not belong to the IMF hence their economies are not ranked below. Kosovo, despite not being a member of the United Nations, is a member of IMF. Taiwan is not a IMF member but it is still listed in the official IMF indices. Several leading GDP-per-capita (nominal) jurisdictions may ...
The United States of America (USA or U.S.A.), commonly known as the United States (US or U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federation of 50 states, a federal capital district (Washington, D.C.), and 326 Indian reservations.[j] Outside the union of states, it asserts sovereignty over five major ...
Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is a terrestrial planet and is the closest in mass and size to its orbital neighbour Earth. Venus is notable for having the densest atmosphere of the terrestrial planets, composed mostly of carbon dioxide with a thick, global sulfuric acid cloud cover. At the surface it has a mean temperature of 737 ...
