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Iran, [a] officially the Islamic Republic of Iran ( IRI ), [b] also known by its Western-given name Persia, [c] is a country in West Asia. It is bordered by Turkey to the northwest and Iraq to the west, Azerbaijan, Armenia, the Caspian Sea and Turkmenistan to the north, Afghanistan to the east, Pakistan to the southeast, the Gulf of Oman and ...
The Iranian Revolution (Persian: انقلاب ایران, Enqelâb-e Irân [ʔeɴɢeˌlɒːbe ʔiːɾɒːn]), also known as the 1979 Revolution and the Islamic Revolution (انقلاب اسلامی, Enqelâb-e Eslâmī),[4] was a series of events that culminated in the overthrow of the Pahlavi dynasty in 1979. The revolution also led to the ...
Ruhollah Khomeini. For other people named Khomeini, see . Ayatollah Ruhollah Musavi Khomeini [b] (17 May 1900 or 24 September 1902 [a] – 3 June 1989) was an Iranian Islamic revolutionary, politician, and religious leader who served as the first supreme leader of Iran from 1979 until his death in 1989. He was the founder of the Islamic ...
- Etymology
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The roots of the name "Bushehr" are uncertain. It is unlikely that it is derived from Abū Šahr ("father of the city"), a theory which remains popular. It may be an abbreviation of Bokht-Ardashir ("Ardashir has given"), though this is not backed by any conclusive evidence. In Sketches of Persia written in 1827, it is mentioned as Abusheher supportin...
Origins
A number of alleged premodern references to Bushehr, including the first made by an Arab geographer in 1225, have been disputed as perhaps alluding to the modern city of Reishahr, a harbor 10 km to the south, where archaeological evidence points to the presence of a much older settlement. Reishahr is also most likely equivalent to the town of Mesambria, a place the Greeks knew since the campaign of Nearchus(died 300 BC), and which also has been occasionally identified with Bushehr. It was fir...
Rise
In 1734, the Iranian military commander Nader made Bushehr (then still a minor fishing village) the headquarters of the Persian Gulf fleet that he sought to create. This marked the start of Bushehr's rising importance. In order to build a massive warship, Nader even brought heavy wood from Mazandaran's forests, which was 1,000 km away from Bushehr. The shell of this ship drew notice from European travelers for the next 50 years. The naval aspirations of Nader ended when he was murdered in 174...
The main commercial port of Iran
Bushehr soon replaced Bandar Abbas as the country's most important commercial port. This was because of Iran's political and economic centre being moved to Shiraz under the Zand ruler Karim Khan Zand (r. 1751–1779), who had established his authority in western Iran.
Bushehr has a hot semi-arid climate (Köppen: BSh) with a precipitation pattern resembling a Mediterranean climate, albeit it is both too hot and dry for too long to qualify as such, by a wide margin, due to the threshold for hot climates being much higher in terms of required rainfall.
Bushehr is twelve kilometres from the site of the Bushehr Nuclear Power Plant being built in cooperation with Russia. The work was begun by the Bonn firm Kraftwerk Union[de] A.G., a unit of Siemens AG, which contracted to build two nuclear reactors based on a contract worth $4 to $6 billion, signed in 1975. Work stopped in January 1979, and Kraftwe...
Perry, John R. (2017). "Bushire". In Fleet, Kate; Krämer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Rowson, Everett (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam (3rd ed.). Brill Online. ISSN 1873-9830.de Planhol, Xavier (1990). "Būšehr i. The City". Encyclopaedia Iranica.Mohammad Reza Shah's voice. Mohamed Reza on the nonrenewability of oil. Recorded 1971. Mohammed Reza Pahlavi [a] (26 October 1919 – 27 July 1980), commonly referred to in the Western world as Mohammad Reza Shah, [b] or just simply The Shah, was the last monarch of Iran. He began ruling the Imperial State of Iran after succeeding his father ...
Monarchism in Iran. Personal Standard of Shah of Iran before 1979 Revolution, Lion and Sun Flag of Iran with Pahlavi Coat of Arms. Turquoise is the colour of monarchists. Iranian monarchism is the advocacy of restoring the monarchy in Iran, which was abolished after the 1979 Revolution .
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