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Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia,[15] is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands.[b] Australia is the largest country by area in Oceania and the world's sixth-largest country. Australia is the oldest,[16] flattest,[17] and driest inhabited ...
Taiwan,[II][k] officially the Republic of China (ROC),[I][l] is a country[27] in East Asia.[o] It is located at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the northeast, and the Philippines to the south. The territories controlled by the ...
- History
- Regional Cooperation
- Economies
- Culture
- Etymology of The Word Baltic
- Geography
- Current Leaders
- General Statistics
- See Also
- Further Reading
Summary
After the First World War (1914–1918) the term "Baltic states" came to refer to countries by the Baltic Sea or had gained independence from the former Russian Empire. The term included Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, and sometimes also Finland, which has later become grouped among the Nordic countries instead.[better source needed]
Prior to the 20th century
In the 3rd millennium BC, the inhabitants of the Corded Ware culture, who came to the current territory of the Baltic states from the south and southwest, mixed with the local Europeans who had lived there for a long time, eventually turned into Balts; in the northern part of the region, the settlers were assimilated by the Finnic peoples. In eighth and ninth centuries the Vikings rushed to the Baltic Seacoast. In ninth and 10th centuries after the formation of neighboring Christian states of...
Interwar period and independence, 1918–1940
As World War I came to a close, Lithuania declared independence and Latvia formed a provisional government. Estonia had already obtained autonomy from tsarist Russia in 1917, and declared independence in February 1918, but was subsequently occupied by the German Empire until November 1918. Estonia fought a successful war of independence against Soviet Russia in 1918–1920. Latvia and Lithuania followed a similar process, until the completion of the Latvian War of Independence and Lithuanian Wa...
During the Baltic struggle for independence 1989–1992, a personal friendship developed between the (at that time unrecognized) Baltic ministers of foreign affairs and the Nordic ministers of foreign affairs. This friendship led to the creation of the Council of the Baltic Sea States in 1992, and the EuroFacultyin 1993. Between 1994 and 2004, the BA...
Economically, parallel with political changes and a transition to democracy – as a rule of law states – the nations' previous command economies were transformed via the legislation into market economies, and set up or renewed the major macroeconomic factors: budgetary rules, national audit, national currency and central bank. Generally, they shortl...
Ethnic groups
Estonians are Finnic people, together with the nearby Finns. The Latvians and Lithuanians, linguistically and culturally related to each other, are Baltic Indo-European people. In Latvia exists a small community of Finnic people related to the Estonians, composed of only 250 people, known as Livonians, and they live in the so-called Livonian Coast. The peoples in the Baltic states have together inhabited the eastern coast of the Baltic Seafor millennia, although not always peacefully in ancie...
Languages
The languages of the three Baltic peoples belong to two distinct language families. The Latvian and Lithuanian languages belong to the Indo-European language family and are the only extant (widely recognized) members of the Baltic language group (or more specifically, Eastern Baltic subgroup of Baltic). Latgalian and Samogitianare considered either separate languages or dialects of Latvian and Lithuanian, respectively. The Estonian language (including its divergent Võro and Seto dialects) is...
The term Baltic stems from the name of the Baltic Sea – a hydronym dating back to at least 3rd century B.C. (when Erastothenes mentioned Baltia in an Ancient Greek text) and possibly earlier. There are several theories about its origin, most of which trace it to the reconstructed Proto-Indo-European root *bhel meaning 'white, fair'. This meaning is...
Nature
1. Forests cover over half the landmass of Estonia. 2. Devonian sandstone cliffs in Gauja National Park, Latvia's largest and oldest national park 3. Jägala Fallsis the highest natural waterfall in Estonia. 4. Gastilionys cliffs in Kauno Marios Regional Park, near Kaunas 5. View from the Bilioniai forthill in Lithuania 6. Sand dunes of the Curonian Spit, near Nida, which are the highest drifting sand dunes in Europe (UNESCO World Heritage Site)
President of Estonia Alar KarisPresident of Latvia Edgars RinkēvičsPresident of Lithuania Gitanas NausėdaAll three are unitary republics, which simultaneously joined the European Union on 1 May 2004, share EET/EEST time zone schedules and the eurocurrency.
Baltics deportations:Ethnic cleansing in the BalticsInternational peer-reviewed media
1. On the Boundary of Two Worlds: Identity, Freedom, and Moral Imagination in the Baltics(book series) 2. Journal of Baltic Studies, journal of the Association for the Advancement of Baltic Studies (AABS) 3. Lituanus, a journal dedicated to Lithuanian and Baltic art, history, language, literature and related cultural topics 4. The Baltic Course, International Internet Magazine. Analysis and background information on Baltic markets 5. Baltic Reports Archived 5 October 2011 at the Wayback Machi...
The Maldives is the smallest country in Asia. Including the sea, the territory spans roughly 90,000 square kilometres (35,000 sq mi), and a land area of 298 square kilometres (115 sq mi). The Maldives is one of the world's most geographically dispersed sovereign states, and the smallest Muslim-majority country by land area.
Macau [e] or Macao [f] is a special administrative region of the People's Republic of China. With a population of about 680,000 [11] and a land area of 32.9 km 2 (12.7 sq mi), it is the most densely populated region in the world. Formerly a Portuguese colony, the territory of Portuguese Macau was first leased to Portugal by the Ming dynasty as ...
The Association of Southeast Asian Nations,[c] commonly as ASEAN,[d] is a political and economic union of 10 states in Southeast Asia. Together, its member states represent a population of over 600 million over a land area of 4.5 million km2 (1.7 million sq mi).[13] The bloc generated a purchasing power parity (PPP) gross domestic product (GDP ...
Aruba (/əˈruːbə/ ə-ROO-bə, Dutch: [aːˈrubaː] or [aːˈrybaː] ⓘ, Papiamento: [aˈruba]), officially the Country of Aruba (Dutch: Land Aruba; Papiamento: Pais Aruba), is a constituent country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands, situated in the south of the Caribbean Sea. Aruba is located approximately 29 kilometres (18 mi) north ...
