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Sodium hydroxide, also known as lye and caustic soda, is an inorganic compound with the formula NaOH.It is a white solid ionic compound consisting of sodium cations Na + and hydroxide anions OH −.Sodium hydroxide is a highly corrosive base and alkali that decomposes lipids and proteins at ambient temperatures and may cause severe chemical burns.
Hydrochloric acid, also known as muriatic acid or spirits of salt, is an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride (HCl). It is a colorless solution with a distinctive pungent smell. It is classified as a strong acid. It is a component of the gastric acid in the digestive systems of most animal species, including humans. Hydrochloric acid is an ...
Sodium bicarbonate mixed with water can be used as an antacid to treat acid indigestion and heartburn. Its reaction with stomach acid produces salt, water, and carbon dioxide: NaHCO 3 + HCl → NaCl + H 2 O + CO 2 (g) A mixture of sodium bicarbonate and polyethylene glycol such as PegLyte, dissolved in water and taken orally, is an effective gastrointestinal lavage preparation and laxative ...
Sodium hypochlorite is an alkaline inorganic chemical compound with the formula NaOCl (also written as NaClO). It is commonly known in a dilute aqueous solution as bleach or chlorine bleach.[4] It is the sodium salt of hypochlorous acid, consisting of sodium cations (Na+) and hypochlorite anions (−OCl, also written as OCl− and ClO−). The ...
Sodium carbonate (also known as washing soda, soda ash and soda crystals) is the inorganic compound with the formula Na2CO3 and its various hydrates. All forms are white, odourless, water-soluble salts that yield alkaline solutions in water. Historically, it was extracted from the ashes of plants grown in sodium-rich soils, and because the ...
Hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) is a nonplanar molecule with (twisted) C 2 symmetry; this was first shown by Paul-Antoine Giguère in 1950 using infrared spectroscopy.Although the O−O bond is a single bond, the molecule has a relatively high rotational barrier of 386 cm −1 (4.62 kJ/mol) for rotation between enantiomers via the trans configuration, and 2460 cm −1 (29.4 kJ/mol) via the cis ...
In physics, Hooke's law is an empirical law which states that the force ( F) needed to extend or compress a spring by some distance ( x) scales linearly with respect to that distance—that is, Fs = kx, where k is a constant factor characteristic of the spring (i.e., its stiffness ), and x is small compared to the total possible deformation of ...
