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B vitamins are a class of water-soluble vitamins that play important roles in cell metabolism and synthesis of red blood cells. [1] They are a chemically diverse class of compounds; some contain sulfur and B12 contains cobalt. [1] Dietary supplements containing all eight are referred to as a vitamin B complex.
The B-cell receptor (BCR) is a transmembrane protein on the surface of a B cell. A B-cell receptor includes both CD79 and the immunoglobulin. The plasma membrane of a B cell is indicated by the green phospholipids. The B- cell receptor extends both outside the cell (above the plasma membrane) and inside the cell (below the membrane).
Granzyme B ( GrB) is one of the serine protease granzymes most commonly found in the granules of natural killer cells (NK cells) and cytotoxic T cells. It is secreted by these cells along with the pore forming protein perforin to mediate apoptosis in target cells. Granzyme B has also been found to be produced by a wide range of non-cytotoxic ...
Vitamin B12, also known as cobalamin, is a water-soluble vitamin involved in metabolism.[2] It is one of eight B vitamins. It is required by animals, which use it as a cofactor in DNA synthesis, and in both fatty acid and amino acid metabolism.[3] It is important in the normal functioning of the nervous system via its role in the synthesis of ...
B lymphocytes are the cells of the immune system that make antibodies to invading pathogens like viruses. They form memory cells that remember the same pathogen for faster antibody production in future infections. In immunology, a memory B cell ( MBC) is a type of B lymphocyte that forms part of the adaptive immune system.
Rhodamine B is used in biology as a staining fluorescent dye, sometimes in combination with auramine O, as the auramine-rhodamine stain to demonstrate acid-fast organisms, notably Mycobacterium. Rhodamine dyes are also used extensively in biotechnology applications such as fluorescence microscopy , flow cytometry , fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and ELISA .
Hepatitis B is an infectious disease caused by the Hepatitis B virus (HBV) that affects the liver;[1][6] it is a type of viral hepatitis.[7] It can cause both acute and chronic infection.[1] Many people have no symptoms during an initial infection. For others, symptoms may appear 30 to 180 days after becoming infected and can include a rapid ...
