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Climate change threatens people with increased flooding, extreme heat, increased food and water scarcity, more disease, and economic loss. Human migration and conflict can also be a result. [12] The World Health Organization (WHO) calls climate change the greatest threat to global health in the 21st century. [13]
Hydrogen is a chemical element; it has symbol H and atomic number 1. It is the lightest element and, at standard conditions, is a gas of diatomic molecules with the formula H2, sometimes called dihydrogen, [11] but more commonly called hydrogen gas, molecular hydrogen or simply hydrogen. It is colorless, odorless, tasteless, [12] non-toxic, and ...
- Composition
- Health Effects
- Chemistry and Physical Properties
- History
- Products For Carbonating Water
- Uses
- See Also
- External Links
Natural and manufactured carbonated waters may contain a small amount of sodium chloride, sodium citrate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, potassium citrate, potassium sulfate, or disodium phosphate, depending on the product. These occur naturally in mineral waters but are added artificially to commercially produced waters to mimic a natu...
By itself, carbonated water appears to have little to no impact on health. Carbonated water such as club soda or sparkling water is defined in US law as a food of minimal nutritional value, even if minerals, vitamins, or artificial sweetenershave been added to it. Carbonated water does not appear to have an effect on gastroesophageal reflux disease...
Carbon dioxide gas dissolved in water creates a small amount of carbonic acid (H2CO3): 1. H2O (l) + CO2 (g) ⇌ H2CO3(aq) with the concentration of carbonic acid being about 0.17% that of that of CO2.The acid gives carbonated water a slightly tart flavor. Its pH level of between 5 and 6[failed verification] is approximately in between apple juice and...
Many alcoholic drinks, such as beer, champagne, cider, and spritzer, were naturally carbonated through the fermentation process for centuries. In 1662 Christopher Merret created 'sparkling wine'. William Brownrigg was apparently the first to produce artificial carbonated water, in the early 1740s, by using carbon dioxide taken from mines. In 1750 t...
Commercial
The process of dissolving carbon dioxide in water is called carbonation. Commercial soda water in siphons is made by chilling filtered plain water to 8 °C (46 °F) or below, optionally adding a sodium or potassium based alkaline compound such as sodium bicarbonate to neutralize the acid created when pressurizing the water with carbon dioxide (which creates high 8-10 pH carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer solution when dissolved in water). The gas dissolves in the water, and a top-off fill of carb...
Carbonated beverages
Carbonated water is a key ingredient in soft drinks, beverages that typically consist of carbonated water, a sweetener, and a flavoring such as cola, ginger, or citrus. Plain carbonated water or sparkling mineral water is often consumed as an alternative to soft drinks. Club soda is carbonated water to which compounds such as sodium bicarbonate or potassium sulfate have been added. Many manufacturers produce unsweetened sparkling water products that are lightly flavored by the addition of aro...
Alcoholic beverages
Carbonated water is a diluent mixed with alcoholic beverageswhere it is used to top-off the drink and provides a degree of 'fizz'. Adding soda water to "short" drinks such as spirits dilutes them and makes them "long" (not to be confused with long drinks such as those made with vermouth). Carbonated water also works well in short drinks made with whiskey, brandy, and Campari. Soda water may be used to dilute drinks based on cordials such as orange squash. Soda water is a necessary ingredient...
Cooking
Carbonated water is increasingly popular in Western cooking as a substitute for plain water in deep-frying batters to provide a lighter texture to doughs similar to tempura. Kevin Ryan, a food scientist at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, says the effervescent bubbles when mixed with dough provide a light tempura-like texture, which gives the illusion of being lower calorie than regular frying batters. The lightness is caused by pockets of carbon dioxide gas being introduced in...
Priestley's paper Impregnating Water with Fixed Air 1772 (archived) hosted on truetex.comInterview with one of New York City's last seltzer delivery men on Radio DiariesOperational. range. 250–350 mi (400–560 km) Maximum speed. 45 mph (72 km/h) The M10 Booker is an armored fighting vehicle under development by General Dynamics Land Systems (GDLS) for the United States Army, developed from the GDLS Griffin II armored fighting vehicle as the winner of its Mobile Protected Firepower program in June 2022.
Sodium hydroxide, also known as lye and caustic soda, is an inorganic compound with the formula NaOH.It is a white solid ionic compound consisting of sodium cations Na + and hydroxide anions OH −.Sodium hydroxide is a highly corrosive base and alkali that decomposes lipids and proteins at ambient temperatures and may cause severe chemical burns.
Polestar is a Swedish automotive manufacturer that produces electric vehicles. Owned by Volvo Cars, the company is headquartered in Torslanda outside Gothenburg, Sweden.[4] Polestar produces cars in several countries including China, the US, and South Korea, in facilities owned by Volvo Cars and its parent company Geely Holding.[5][6] The ...
The Chernobyl disaster [a] began on 26 April 1986 with the explosion of the No. 4 reactor of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant near the city of Pripyat in the north of the Ukrainian SSR, close to the border with the Byelorussian SSR, in the Soviet Union. [1] It is one of only two nuclear energy accidents rated at seven—the maximum severity ...
