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  1. Alibaba Group Holding Limited, branded as Alibaba, is a Chinese multinational technology company specializing in e-commerce, retail, Internet, and technology. Founded on 28 June 1999 [1] in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, the company provides consumer-to-consumer (C2C), business-to-consumer (B2C), and business-to-business (B2B) sales services via Chinese ...

  2. en.wikipedia.org › wiki › BaiduBaidu - Wikipedia

    Baidu, Inc. (/ ˈ b aɪ d uː / BY-doo; Chinese: 百度; pinyin: Bǎidù; lit. 'hundred degrees') is a Chinese multinational technology company specializing in Internet-related services, headquartered in Beijing's Haidian District. It holds a dominant position in China's search engine market, and provides a wide variety of other internet services such as Baidu Baike (an online encyclopedia ...

  3. en.wikipedia.org › wiki › TaiwanTaiwan - Wikipedia

    Taiwan,[II][k] officially the Republic of China (ROC),[I][l] is a country[27] in East Asia.[o] It is located at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the northeast, and the Philippines to the south. The territories controlled by the ...

  4. en.wikipedia.org › wiki › ISO_3166-1ISO 3166-1 - Wikipedia

    ISO 3166-1 ( Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions – Part 1: Country codes) is a standard defining codes for the names of countries, dependent territories, and special areas of geographical interest. It is the first part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization .

    • Childhood and Accession
    • Regency of Grand Empress Dowager Zhang
    • Wang Zhen's Dominance
    • Economy and Finance
    • Fighting in The South
    • Trouble in The North
    • Captivity, Return and House Arrest
    • Second Reign
    • Family
    • Popular Culture

    Zhu Qizhen was born on 29 November 1427, as the elder of the two sons of the Xuande Emperor. His mother, Lady Sun, was one of the emperor's concubines. On 20 February 1428, he was created crown prince, and in March of the same year, Xuande promoted Lady Sun to empress. The father was overjoyed by his son's birth and showed him love and affection. H...

    Emperor Yingzong's ascension to the throne was in accordance with the rules, as he was the eldest son of the deceased emperor and the officially created crown prince. However, the laws established by the founder of the dynasty, the Hongwu Emperor, enshrined a system of government in which a strong and decisive monarch was expected to make decisions...

    Wang Zhen had finally gained his freedom. He possessed great talent, was direct, attentive, and charismatic, but over time, he became conceited. His power primarily stemmed from his personal influence over the emperor, who held his teacher in the highest regard. Wang Zhen was also a skilled politician. He formed alliances with Xu Xi (徐晞), who was l...

    Economic downturn

    In the mid-1430s, a sixty-year cold period began in the Northern Hemisphere, accompanied by sporadic floods and droughts that resulted in crop failures, leading to famines and epidemics. China was also struck by a series of natural disasters in the late 1430s and 1440s, with floods, droughts, epidemics, and famines occurring in succession. In 1448, the Yellow River breached its dams, causing the waters to flow into northern Jiangsu. The following year, another dam broke, diverting part of the...

    Money—the recognition of silver

    By the end of the Xuande era, the government had recognized the failure to enforce baochao banknotes as the main currency and began tolerating silver. In 1433, Governor of Nanzhili, Zhou Chen (周忱), introduced the payment of land tax in silver instead of rice in the most tax-burdened prefectures. From 1436, the officers of the Beijing garrison were paid in silver. In the same year, the land tax in Nanzhili, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, and Huguang was also converted to silver; this transition was accomp...

    Closure of state mints

    In 1436, the Minister of Revenue proposed to buy out old banknotes and replace them with new ones covered in silver, but this proposal was ultimately unsuccessful. Around the same time (in the mid-1430s), the government began to tolerate the use of coins in commerce, although their prohibition was not consistently enforced even before this time. While the use of coins was officially not allowed until 1436, in response to a petition from a prefect of Guangxi, the government had actually stoppe...

    War in the Southwest

    In the first quarter of the 15th century, on the southwestern borders of the Ming dynasty, one of the Shan states, Möng Mao, called Luchuan by the Ming, grew in strength under the rule of the ambitious Si Renfa, who ruled from 1413. By 1436, Si Renfa had begun to pose a threat to Ming positions in the area. In 1438, Mu Sheng, the military commander of Yunnan, was ordered to attack Möng Mao with an army of conscripts from Guizhou and Huguang. Initially, the Ming army was successful in defeatin...

    Rebellion in the Southeast

    In response to the increased demand for silver due to the implementation of silver-based taxes in 1436, the government took action by shutting down silver mines and prohibiting small-scale silver mining along the border of Zhejiang and Fujian two years later. However, in an area with a high population and limited job opportunities, illegal silver mining persisted.In 1447, the leader of a group of silver miners in the mountains between Zhejiang and Fujian openly rebelled, gathering followers a...

    Relations with the Mongols

    The Mongols were divided into three main groups: the Uriankhai in the southeast, the Eastern Mongols (also known as Tatars) in the east, and the Oirats in the west. In 1434, the leader of the Eastern Mongols, Arughtai, was defeated in battle by the Oirats. This gave the Oirats control over Mongolia, and their chief Toghon solidified their power by arranging for his daughter to marry the young Khan of the Eastern Mongols, Toghtoa Bukha.[b] After Toghon's death in 1440, his son Esen took over a...

    Defense of the Northeast

    After the death of the Yongle Emperor, the state of defense along the northern borders began to deteriorate gradually. The quality of training, as well as the weapons and equipment, were declining. In fact, soldiers from the Beijing garrison were even being used for the construction of government and private buildings. At this time, the Great Wall had not yet been built, and the border was only guarded by patrol battalions. These battalions were expected to hold off the enemy until the main f...

    Tumu Crisis

    In the summer of 1449, unrest was spreading on the northern border. On 20 July, news arrived of a Mongol raid led by Esen. In response, the emperor ordered four generals and 45,000 soldiers from the Beijing garrison to advance to Datong and Xuanfu to guard the border. However, on 30 July, news reached Beijing that the Mongols had launched a large-scale invasion and had already attacked Datong. Without consulting the government, Yingzong ordered the Beijing garrison to be mobilized on 1 August...

    After news of the emperor's capture reached Beijing, Empress Dowager Sun, Yingzong's mother, proclaimed the emperor's two-year-old son, Zhu Jianshen, as crown prince.[d] She also appointed the emperor's brother, Zhu Qiyu, to administer the country. However, officials demanded punishment for the followers of Wang Zhen, whom they believed were respon...

    The emperor initially honored and promoted the organizers of the coup, but once he solidified his position as the leader of the government, he gradually removed them one by one. Xu Youzhen was dismissed in August 1457, Shi Heng died in prison in February 1460, and Cao Jixiang and his family were executed for treason in August 1461. However, the new...

    Emperor Yingzong had multiple wives, including Lady Qian who became his empress when they married in 1442. After Yingzong's death, Lady Qian became the empress dowager and died in 1468. However, Empress Qian was unable to bear children, so upon Yingzong's death, his son Zhu Jianshen, born to Lady Zhou, one of his concubines, ascended to the throne....

    Portrayed by Kwon Bin in the 2016 KBS1 TV series Jang Yeong-sil.
    In the computer game Europa Universalis IVhe is the emperor of the playable Ming dynasty at the game's start date of 1444.
    Portrayed by Wallace Huo in 2016 television series The Imperial Doctress
    Portrayed by Zhang Yixing in the 2019 television series《大明风华) Ming Dynasty
  5. en.wikipedia.org › wiki › WikipediaWikipedia - Wikipedia

    Wikipedia[note 3] is a free content online encyclopedia written and maintained by a community of volunteers, known as Wikipedians, through open collaboration and the use of the wiki-based editing system MediaWiki. Wikipedia is the largest and most-read reference work in history.[3][4] It is consistently ranked as one of the ten most popular ...

  6. Nicholas of Worcester (died 1124) was the prior of the Benedictine priory of Worcester Cathedral (crypt pictured) from about 1115 until his death. He was born around the time of the Norman Conquest.It is not known who his parents were, but William of Malmesbury wrote that he was "of exalted descent", and it has been argued that he was a son of King Harold Godwinson.