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  1. In 1937 an Islamic rebellion began in southern Xinjiang. The rebels were 1,500 Uighur Muslims commanded by Kichik Akhund , who was tacitly aided by the New 36th Division, against the pro-Soviet provincial forces of the puppet Sheng Shicai .

    • Xinjiang
    • Provincial government victory
  2. The Soviet invasion of Xinjiang (simplified Chinese: 苏联入侵新疆; traditional Chinese: 蘇聯入侵新疆) was a military campaign of the Soviet Union in the Chinese northwestern region of Xinjiang in 1934. White Russian forces assisted the Soviet Red Army. []

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  4. Sheng's leadership was marked by heavy Soviet influence, with him openly offering Xinjiang's valuable natural resources in exchange for Soviet help in crushing revolts, such as in 1937. Although already in use, [f] it was in this period that the term "Uyghur" was first used officially over the generic "Turkic", as part of an effort ...

  5. The Chinese Civil War was fought between the Kuomintang -led government of the Republic of China and the forces of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), with armed conflict continuing intermittently from 1 August 1927 until 7 December 1949, resulting in a CCP victory and control of mainland China in the Chinese Communist Revolution .

    • Mainland China
    • Communist victory
  6. 68 wounded. The Sino-Soviet border conflict was a seven-month undeclared military conflict between the Soviet Union and China in 1969, following the Sino-Soviet split. The most serious border clash, which brought the world's two largest communist states to the brink of war, occurred near Damansky (Zhenbao) Island on the Ussuri ...

  7. The Kumul Rebellion ( Chinese: 哈密暴動; pinyin: Hāmì bàodòng; lit. ' Hami Uprising') was a rebellion of Kumulik Uyghurs from 1931 to 1934 who conspired with Hui Chinese Muslim General Ma Zhongying to overthrow Jin Shuren, governor of Xinjiang. The Kumul Uyghurs were loyalists of the Kumul Khanate and wanted to restore the ...

  8. The Xinjiang Wars ( Chinese: 新疆戰爭) were a series of armed conflicts which took place within Xinjiang in the Republic of China during the Warlord Era, Chinese Civil War, and modern era. The wars also played an important role in the East Turkestan independence movement.