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Vitamin B12, also known as cobalamin, is a water-soluble vitamin involved in metabolism. [2] It is one of eight B vitamins. It is required by animals, which use it as a cofactor in DNA synthesis, and in both fatty acid and amino acid metabolism. [3]
Vitamin B12 deficiency, also known as cobalamin deficiency, is the medical condition in which the blood and tissue have a lower than normal level of vitamin B 12. [5] . Symptoms can vary from none to severe. [1] . Mild deficiency may have few or absent symptoms. [1] .
Serum vitamin B12 is a medical laboratory test that measure vitamin B 12 only in the blood binding to both transcobalamins. [1] . Most of the time, 80–94% of vitamin B 12 in the blood binds to haptocorrin, while only 6–20% is binds to transcobalamin ll. [2] Only transcobalamin ll is "active" and can be used by the body. [1] .
B vitamins are a class of water-soluble vitamins that play important roles in cell metabolism and synthesis of red blood cells. [1] They are a chemically diverse class of compounds; some contain sulfur and B12 contains cobalt. [1] Dietary supplements containing all eight are referred to as a vitamin B complex.
Pernicious anemia refers to a type of vitamin B 12 deficiency anemia that results from lack of intrinsic factor. [5] . Lack of intrinsic factor is most commonly due to an autoimmune attack on the cells that create it in the stomach. [9] .
Vitamin B 12 total synthesis. The total synthesis of the complex biomolecule vitamin B 12 was accomplished in two different approaches by the collaborating research groups of Robert Burns Woodward at Harvard [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] and Albert Eschenmoser at ETH [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] in 1972.
In molecular biology, the vitamin B12-binding domain is a protein domain which binds to cobalamin (vitamin B12). It can bind two different forms of the cobalamin cofactor, with cobalt bonded either to a methyl group (methylcobalamin) or to 5'-deoxyadenosine (adenosylcobalamin).