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Tainan (/ ˈ t aɪ ˈ n ɑː n /), officially Tainan City, is a special municipality in southern Taiwan facing the Taiwan Strait on its western coast.
The area occupied by modern-day Tainan was the first permanent settlement by both European colonists and Chinese immigrants. The settlement grew to be the island's most important trading center and served as its capital until 1887.
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The history of the island of Taiwan dates back tens of thousands of years to the earliest known evidence of human habitation. [1] [2] The sudden appearance of a culture based on agriculture around 3000 BC is believed to reflect the arrival of the ancestors of today's Taiwanese indigenous peoples. [3]
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Arrival and settlement of the Hollanders
In August 1624, the Dutch were expelled from the Pescadores, having failed at their attempt to use military force to coerce Ming China into trading with them. Led by Martinus Sonck, who was to be the first Dutch governor of Formosa, they decided to move to Formosa to continue carrying on with trade, and after a day's journey, arrived at the settlement of Taiwan, or Tayouan. Although there were already 25,000 Chinese in the island, and their number increasing due to the war, they did not oppos...
Koxinga's conquering and the Dutch surrender
On 30 April 1661, Ming dynasty-loyalist Koxinga laid siege to the fortress (defended by 2,000 Dutch soldiers) with 400 warships and 25,000 men. After nine months and the loss of 1,600 Dutch lives, the Dutch surrendered on 1 February 1662, when it became clear that no reinforcements were forthcoming from Batavia (present day Jakarta, Java, Indonesia) and when the defenders ran short of fresh water. Under the Koxinga-Dutch Treaty (1662) signed on 1 February between Koxinga and Frederick Coyett,...
Design and layout
Fort Zeelandia included an "inner fort" and an "outer fort". The inner fort was a square, three-layer construction. The lowest was for storage of ammunition and food. The second features a blank wall. The middle part of each side has a semicircular protruding barrack to strengthen the defense. Above the third story was the administrative center, including offices, garrison and church, all of them independent structures. There were walls on the periphery, with a protruding bastion on each of t...
Construction details
Bricks were brought from Javaand the mortar consisted of a mixture of sugar, sand, ground seashells and glutinous rice. The fort was designed to be surrounded by three concentric layers of walls and its four corners were built into protruding bastions for better defense. Its layout was typical of European forts of the 17th century. Inside was the military and administration center, church, garrisons, and jailhouse; outside was the downtown. Between the fort and downtown, there were market, sl...
Overview of Fort Zeelandia; painting by J. Vingboons, circa 1635Color painting of the view of Fort Zeelandia17th century print of Fort ZeelandiaDrawing of Fort ZeelandiaGeographic data related to Fort Zeelandia (Taiwan) at OpenStreetMapReferences. Regions of Taiwan. The regions of Taiwan are based on historical administrative divisions. However, most of the definitions are not precise. Division into two regions [ edit] Eastern and Western Taiwan: the Central Mountain Range separates Taiwan into east and west. Eastern Taiwan: Yilan, Hualien and Taitung.
Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is an island country in East Asia. The island of Taiwan, formerly known as Formosa, makes up 99% of the land area of the territories under ROC control.
The Tainan City Government (Chinese: 臺南市政府; pinyin: Táinán Shì Zhèngfǔ) is the municipal government of Tainan, Taiwan. It was formed after the merger of Tainan County and Tainan City in December 2010. Its chief administrator is the directly elected .
