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Lupus patches on the cheek, ear, and scalp. Widespread lupus patches across the face with an epithelioma. As many as 70% of people with lupus have some skin symptoms. The three main categories of lesions are chronic cutaneous (discoid) lupus, subacute cutaneous lupus, and acute cutaneous lupus.
Usual symptoms include tremors, slowness of movement, rigidity, and difficulty with balance, collectively known as parkinsonism. Parkinson's disease dementia, falls and neuropsychiatric problems such as sleep abnormalities, psychosis, mood swings, or behavioral changes may arise in advanced stages as well.
- Signs and Symptoms
- Causes
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Epidemiology
- History
Stiff-person syndrome (SPS) is often separated into several subtypes, based on the cause and progression of the disease. There are three clinical classifications of SPS: 1. Classic SPS, associated with other autoimmune conditions and usually GAD-positive 2. Partial SPS variants 3. Progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus (PERM) Aro...
Patients with SPS generally have high glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) antibody levels in their blood. About 80% of SPS patients have GAD antibodies, compared with about 1% of the general population. The overwhelming majority of people who have GAD antibodies do not develop SPS, indicating that systemic synthesis of the antibody is not the sole ca...
SPS is diagnosed by evaluating clinical findings and excluding other conditions. No specific laboratory test confirms its presence.Due to the rarity and varied symptoms of SPS, most affected by the disease wait several years before they are correctly diagnosed. The presence of antibodies against GAD is the best indication of the condition that can ...
No evidence-based treatment has been found for SPS, nor have large, controlled trials of treatments for the condition been conducted. The rarity of the disease complicates efforts to establish guidelines.
The progression of SPS depends on whether it is a typical or abnormal form of the condition, and the presence of comorbidities. Early recognition and neurological treatment can limit its progression. SPS is generally responsive to treatment, but the condition usually progresses and stabilizes periodically. Even with treatment, quality of life gener...
SPS is estimated to have a prevalence of about one or two per million people. It affects women up to three times as frequently as men. In the United Kingdom, 119 cases were identified between 2000 and 2005. It does not predominantly occur in any racial or ethnic group. SPS can start at any age, though it most frequently occurs in people in their 40...
SPS was first described by Frederick Moersch and Henry Woltman in 1956, who named it "stiff-man syndrome". Their description of the disease was based on 14 cases that they had observed over 32 years. Using electromyography, they noted that motor-unit firing suggested that voluntary muscle contractions were occurring in their patients. Previously, c...
The blisters fill with lymph, break open (3), crust over (4), and finally disappear. Postherpetic neuralgia can sometimes occur due to nerve damage (5). The causative agent for shingles is the varicella zoster virus (VZV)—a double-stranded DNA virus related to the herpes simplex virus.
Syphilis ( / ˈsɪfəlɪs /) is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum. [1] The signs and symptoms of syphilis vary depending in which of the four stages it presents (primary, secondary, latent, and tertiary). [1] [2] The primary stage classically presents with a single chancre (a firm ...
LeBron Raymone James Sr. (⫽ l ə ˈ b r ɒ n ⫽ lə-BRON; born December 30, 1984) is an American professional basketball player for the Los Angeles Lakers of the National Basketball Association (NBA). Nicknamed "King James", he is widely recognized as one of the greatest players in the history of the sport and is often compared to Michael Jordan in debates regarding who is the greatest ...
Grigori Yefimovich Rasputin ( / ræˈspjuːtɪn /; Russian: Григо́рий Ефи́мович Распу́тин [ɡrʲɪˈɡorʲɪj jɪˈfʲiməvʲɪtɕ rɐˈsputʲɪn]; 21 January [ O.S. 9 January] 1869 – 30 December [ O.S. 17 December] 1916) was a Russian mystic and faith healer. He is best known for having befriended the imperial ...
