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  1. Learning II is learning to learn. Learning III - Hyper-complexity: Learning III is a change in the process of Learning II, e.g. a corrective change in the system of sets of alternatives from which a choice is made. It works much as Learning II but on a higher level of abstraction. Bateson points out that this level of learning is never achieved ...

    • Short Definition
    • Longer Definition
    • Discussion
    • From A Computer Science Perspective

    "Peer to peer is the relational dynamic at work in distributed networks". Peer to peer is there not restricted to technology or P2P filesharing as such, but covers every social process with a peer to peer dynamic, whether these peers are humans or computers. Peer to peer is particularly expressed in social processes such Peer Production, Peer Gover...

    Michel Bauwens: "What is peer to peer? Here’s a first tentative definition: It is a specific form of relational dynamic, is based on the assumed equipotency of its participants , organized through the free cooperation of equals in view of the performance of a common task, for the creation of a common good, with forms of decision-making and autonomy...

    What is Peer to Peer?

    Michel Bauwens: "What is p2p ?P2P is a contentious term, that is used by different communities, people and interests. The aim of this short text is to be explicit about the sense in which it is used in P2P Theory and in the context of the work of the P2P Foundation. P2P is first of all a relational dynamic, in which agents (people or computers) can connect to each other directly, without having to ask permission of any intermediaries, and therefore also can self-organize form the bottom up. P...

    (see also the P2P FAQ) "Generally, a peer-to-peer (or P2P) computer network refers to any network that does not have fixed clients and servers, but a number of autonomous peer nodes that function as both clients and servers to the other nodes on the network. This model of network arrangement is contrasted with the client-server model (that was unab...

  2. The foundational manuscript on P2P theory,uses the relational model used by anthropologist Alan Page Fiske, to conclude that the peer to peer relational dynamic is a form on 'non-reciprocal' or generalized exchange. In Fiske's model, it is called Communal Shareholding. The implication is that Peer Production does not function as a Gift Economy ...

  3. Definition. "In P2P search (a.k.a. distributed search), each individual connected to the network serves its local index as a source of search. Instead of having a central company and a central server, each participant of the network is a search repository. Since we are talking about web indexing and web searching, a user's internet cache might ...

  4. Pieter H. : "Social Architecture by analogy with conventional architecture, is the process, and the product, of planning, designing, and growing an on-line community. Social architectures, in the form of on-line communities, are the cultural and political symbols, and works of art of the Digital Society. The 21st century will be identified with ...

  5. 2014年3月28日 · Description. 1. From the Wikipedia: "Ayni (Quechua, also spelled Ayniy or Aini) is a traditional form of mutual help practiced in indigenous communities (ayllu) in the Andes. Ayni means proper relationship. Member of a community help another member for private purposes when support is needed, e.g. in house construction or agricultural works.

  6. Description. 1. From the Wikiversity: "Deleuze coined the term 'dividual' to explain the mechanisms of a 'control society', which he opposes to Foucaults 'disciplinary society' (a stage he says we have left). The basic premise is that the term individual means indivisible, the smallest unit which society can be reduced to.

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