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4 天前 · The “Iron Law of Oligarchy” is a concept that has profound implications for understanding organizational dynamics and power structures within societies. Coined by the German sociologist Robert Michels in his 1911 work “ Political Parties,” the Iron Law of Oligarchy posits that all forms of organization, regardless of how democratic they ...
2 天前 · Joseph Stalin (left), leader of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, and Adolf Hitler (right), leader of the German Reich —considered prototypical dictators of totalitarian regimes, of the left and right respectively. Totalitarianism is a political system and a form of government that prohibits opposition political parties, disregards and ...
2 天前 · A great power is a nation, state or empire that, through its economic, political and military strength, is able to exert power and influence not only over its own region of the world, but beyond to others. In a modern context, recognized great powers first arose in Europe during the post- Napoleonic era. [1]
4 天前 · Although Aristotle led the way, describing the Carthaginian system as an "oligarchy," he admitted that formal and informal mechanisms of control ensured the effectiveness and longevity of the constitution (Aristotle, 1981 [English edition] [350 BC . J.-C.] 1272b
4 小時前 · Authoritarianism is a political system characterized by the rejection of political plurality, the use of strong central power to preserve the political status quo, and reductions in democracy, separation of powers, civil liberties, and the rule of law. [1] [2] Political scientists have created many typologies describing variations of authoritarian forms of government. [2]
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1 天前 · Constitutional framework. Saudi Arabia is a monarchy ruled by the Saud dynasty ( Āl Saʿūd ), a family whose status was established by its close ties with and support for the Wahhābī religious establishment.
5 天前 · Executive power was originally divided between the prime minister as head of government and the president as head of state. However, in a constitutional referendum in 2017 a majority of voters favoured abolishing the office of prime minister and expanding the role of president, changes that were to take effect after the 2018 elections.
