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Pisuviricota is a phylum of RNA viruses that includes all positive-strand and double-stranded RNA viruses that infect eukaryotes and are not members of the phylum Kitrinoviricota, Lenarviricota or Duplornaviricota. The name of the group is a syllabic abbreviation pi.
- Positive-strand RNA virus
Pisuviricota. See also. References. Positive-strand RNA ...
- Positive-strand RNA virus
小核糖病毒门 （ 学名 ：Pisuviricota），是指 正核糖病毒界 中的一个 门 ，所有能感染 真核生物 的 正單鏈RNA病毒 和 双链RNA病毒 （英语：double-stranded RNA viruses） （屬於 黄色病毒门 、 光滑裸露病毒門 以及 双链RNA病毒门 的除外）均屬於這個門 [1] 。 下属分类. 本门包括以下纲： [2] 双链小双节RNA病毒纲 Duplopiviricetes ，双小病毒纲. 小南嵌套病毒纲 Pisoniviricetes. 星状马铃薯病毒纲 Stelpaviricetes. 参考文献.
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The first part of Orthornavirae comes from Greek ὀρθός [orthós], meaning straight, the middle part, rna, refers to RNA, and -viraeis the suffix used for virus kingdoms.
Structure
RNA viruses in Orthornavirae typically do not encode many proteins, but most positive-sense, single-stranded (+ssRNA) viruses and some double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) viruses encode a major capsid protein that has a single jelly roll fold, so named because the folded structure of the protein contains a structure that resembles a jelly roll. Many also possess an envelope, a type of lipidmembrane that typically surrounds the capsid. In particular, the viral envelope is near-universal among negative...
Genome
Viruses in Orthornavirae have three different types of genomes: dsRNA, +ssRNA, and -ssRNA. Single-stranded RNA viruses have either a positive or negative sense strand, and dsRNA viruses have both. This structure of the genome is important in terms of transcription to synthesize viral mRNA as well as replication of the genome, both of which are carried out by the viral enzyme RNA-dependent RNA polymerase(RdRp), also called RNA replicase.
Evolution
RNA viruses in Orthornavirae experience a high rate of genetic mutations because RdRp is prone to making errors in replication since it typically lacks proofreading mechanisms to repair errors.[note 1] Mutations in RNA viruses are often influenced by host factors such as dsRNA-dependent adenosine deaminases, which edit viral genomes by changing adenosines to inosines. Mutations in genes that are essential for replication lead to a reduced number of progeny, so viral genomes typically contain...
The exact origin of Orthornavirae is not well established, but the viral RdRp shows a relation to the reverse transcriptase (RT) enzymes of group II introns that encode RTs and retrotransposons, the latter of which are self-replicating DNA sequences that integrate themselves into other parts of the same DNA molecule. A larger study (2022) where new...
RNA viruses that encode RdRp are assigned to the kingdom Orthornavirae, which contains five official phyla, six unofficial phylaand several taxa that are unassigned to a phylum due to lack of information. The five phyla are separated based on the genome types, host ranges, and genetic similarity of member viruses. 1. Phylum: Duplornaviricota, which...
RNA viruses are associated with a wide range of disease, including many of the most widely known viral diseases. Notable disease-causing viruses in Orthornaviraeinclude: Animal viruses in Orthornavirae include orbiviruses, which cause various diseases in ruminants and horses, including Bluetongue virus, African horse sickness virus, Equine encephal...
Diseases caused by RNA viruses in Orthornavirae have been known throughout much of history, but their cause was only discovered in modern times. As a whole, RNA viruses were discovered during a time period of major advancements in molecular biology, including the discovery of mRNA as the immediate carrier of genetic information for protein synthesi...
Lassa virus (Arenaviridae)Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (Arenaviridae)Hantavirus (Bunyaviridae)Marburg virus (Filoviridae)微小核糖核酸病毒科 （学名：Picornaviridae）是沒有 套膜 、 正股RNA 、 正20面體 蛋白殼體的病毒，它的基因體在5'端有一個蛋白是用來當作RNA複製的 引子 ，它的命名pico代表小，rna代表著核醣核酸，故Picornavirus的意思即微小的RNA病毒。 微小病毒科根據 巴爾的摩分類法 歸類為第四綱，基因體大小從7.2kb至9.0kb。 微小病毒科的mRNA在5'端並沒有CAP而是一種蛋白質稱為VPg，3'端一樣具有poly A tail，基因體兩端均有UTR（un-translated region，非轉譯區）。 微小病毒科可分為九屬，最常見的為 腸病毒屬 （Enteroviruses）及 鼻病毒屬 （Rhinoviruses）。
The origin of the LECA virome can be traced back to a small set of bacterial—not archaeal—viruses. This provenance of the LECA virome is probably due to the bacterial origin of eukaryotic ...
2022年4月8日 · Global RNA phylogeny is divided into the five proposed RNA viral phyla (a) Lenarviricota, (b) Pisuviricota (the picornavirus supergroup), (c) Kitrinoviricota, (d) Duplornaviricota, and ...
