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2011年6月13日 · "Fureai kippu (Caring Relationship Tickets) is a Japanese community currency created in 1995 by the Sawayaka Welfare Foundation so that people could earn credits helping seniors in their community. The basic unit of account is an hour of service to an elderly person.
Teikei is closely associated with small-scale, local, organic farming, and volunteer-based, non-profit partnerships between producers and consumers. Millions of Japanese consumers participate in teikei. It is widely cited as the origin of community-supported agriculture around the world.
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The fundamental dichotomy suggested here (intrinsic vs. extrinsic) posits that motivations can be distinguished as either arising within and through the individual as a self-regulated phenomenon or by imposition from external sources or structures without a sense of free adoption or adaptation by the subject persons. From Alexander Kjerulf athttp:/...
Another typology, of "Social Value Orientations Categories", from Wikipedia: "Social value orientations are based on the assumption that individuals pursue different goals when making decisions for which the outcomes affect others. Social psychologists generally distinguish between five types of social value orientations. The main difference betwee...
Why Extrinsic Motivation Doesn't Work
From Alfred Kohn: "If a reward — money, awards, praise, or winning a contest — comes to be seen as the reason one is engaging in an activity, that activity will be viewed as less enjoyable in its own right."(http://naggum.no/motivation.html) "extrinsic motivation has some serious drawbacks: 1. It’s not sustainable - As soon as you withdraw the punishment or reward, the motivation disappears. 2. You get diminishing returns - If the punishment or rewards stay at the same levels, motivation slow...
Factors that promote intrinsic motivation
"What enhances intrinsic motivation? This webpagecites some research and lists the factors that create and sustain intrinsic motivation. The list includes: 1. Challenge - Being able to challenge yourself and accomplish new tasks. 1. Control - Having choice over what you do. 1. Cooperation - Being able to work with and help others. 1. Recognition - Getting meaningful, positive recognition for your work. To these I would add: 1. Happiness at work - People who like their job and their workplace...
How to avoid the Crowding Out of intrinsic motivation by extrinsic rewards
From a study by Tobias Assman on Incentives for Participation athttps://courses.ischool.berkeley.edu/i296a-3/f06/wiki/index.php/Incentives_for_participation: "The effects of external interventions on intrinsic motivation have been attributed to two psychological processes: (a) Impaired self-determination. When individuals perceive an external intervention to reduce their self-determination, they substitute intrinsic motivation by extrinsic control. Following Rotter (1966), the locus of contro...
Alfie Kohn. Punished by Rewards. Info at http://www.alfiekohn.org/books.htm Daniel Pink. Drive. Info at http://www.danpink.com/books/drive
Really great TED talk about the topic by Daniel Pink: http://www.ted.com/talks/view/id/618Lively RSA Animate, adapted from Dan Pink's talk at the RSA http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u6XAPnuFjJcPodcast about intrinsic motivation at http://positivesharing.com/2006/10/podcast-about-motivation/See our entry on the Crowding Outphenomenon.在人类生产的资本主义模式获得巨大成功的同时，实际上对生物圈早成了危害并导致日益增长的人类精神（和身体）上的损害，此时，这种新的生产方式是特别有吸引力的，并且与大多数人的新文化需求相呼应。
Rather than maintain the title of "king" (王 wáng) borne by the previous Shang and Zhou rulers, he ruled as the First Emperor (始皇帝) of the Qin dynasty from 221 BC to 210 BC. His self-invented title "emperor" (皇帝 About this soundhuángdì) would continue to be borne by Chinese rulers for the next two millennia.
