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Aortic dissection ( AD) occurs when an injury to the innermost layer of the aorta allows blood to flow between the layers of the aortic wall, forcing the layers apart. [3] In most cases, this is associated with a sudden onset of severe chest or back pain, often described as "tearing" in character.
An aortic aneurysm is an enlargement (dilatation) of the aorta to greater than 1.5 times normal size. [1] . They usually cause no symptoms except when ruptured. [2] . Occasionally, there may be abdominal, back, or leg pain. [3] .
An air embolism, also known as a gas embolism, is a blood vessel blockage caused by one or more bubbles of air or other gas in the circulatory system. [1] . Air can be introduced into the circulation during surgical procedures, lung over-expansion injury, decompression, and a few other causes.
The aorta ( / eɪˈɔːrtə / ay-OR-tə; pl.: aortas or aortae) is the main and largest artery in the human body, originating from the left ventricle of the heart, branching upwards immediately after, and extending down to the abdomen, where it splits at the aortic bifurcation into two smaller arteries (the common iliac arteries ).
Hemoglobin ( haemoglobin, [a] Hb or Hgb) is a protein containing iron that facilitates the transport of oxygen in red blood cells. Almost all vertebrates contain hemoglobin, [3] with the exception of the fish family Channichthyidae. [4] .
Escherichia coli ( / ˌɛʃəˈrɪkiə ˈkoʊlaɪ / ESH-ə-RIK-ee-ə KOH-ly) [1] [2] is a gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, rod-shaped, coliform bacterium of the genus Escherichia that is commonly found in the lower intestine of warm-blooded organisms.
Polytetrafluoroethylene ( PTFE) is a synthetic fluoropolymer of tetrafluoroethylene, and has numerous applications because it is chemically inert. The commonly known brand name of PTFE-based composition is Teflon by Chemours, [1] a spin-off from DuPont, which originally discovered the compound in 1938. [1]
