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Chaos theory. An animation of a double-rod pendulum at an intermediate energy showing chaotic behavior. Starting the pendulum from a slightly different initial condition would result in a vastly different trajectory. The double-rod pendulum is one of the simplest dynamical systems with chaotic solutions.
Probability theory. In probability theory and statistics, a normal distribution or Gaussian distribution is a type of continuous probability distribution for a real-valued random variable. The general form of its probability density function is. The parameter is the mean or expectation of the distribution (and also its median and mode ), while ...
In mathematics, the gamma function (represented by Γ, the capital letter gamma from the Greek alphabet) is one commonly used extension of the factorial function to complex numbers. The gamma function is defined for all complex numbers except the non-positive integers. For every positive integer n, Γ ( n ) = ( n − 1 ) ! . {\displaystyle ...
Quantum mechanics is a fundamental theory in physics that describes the behavior of nature at and below the scale of atoms. [2] : 1.1 It is the foundation of all quantum physics, which includes quantum chemistry, quantum field theory, quantum technology, and quantum information science . Quantum mechanics can describe many systems that ...
Binomial distribution for = with n and k as in Pascal's triangleThe probability that a ball in a Galton box with 8 layers (n = 8) ends up in the central bin (k = 4) is /. In probability theory and statistics, the binomial distribution with parameters n and p is the discrete probability distribution of the number of successes in a sequence of n independent experiments, each asking a yes–no ...
For other uses, see Metaphysics (disambiguation). The beginning of Aristotle's Metaphysics, one of the foundational texts of the discipline Metaphysics is the branch of philosophy that examines the basic structure of reality. It is often characterized as first philosophy, implying that it is more fundamental than other forms of philosophical ...
Microsoft Bing, commonly referred to as Bing, is a search engine owned and operated by Microsoft. The service traces its roots back to Microsoft's earlier search engines, including MSN Search, Windows Live Search, and Live Search. Bing offers a broad spectrum of search services, encompassing web, video, image, and map search products, all ...
