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A COVID‑19 vaccine is a vaccine intended to provide acquired immunity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ( SARS-CoV-2 ), the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 ( COVID‑19 ). Prior to the COVID‑19 pandemic, an established body of knowledge existed about the structure and function of coronaviruses causing ...
- none
- Intramuscular
- mRNA, viral, inactivated, protein
- SARS-CoV-2
e. The Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID‑19 vaccine, sold under the brand names Covishield [31] and Vaxzevria [1] [32] among others, is a viral vector vaccine for the prevention of COVID-19. It was developed in the United Kingdom by Oxford University and British-Swedish company AstraZeneca, [33] [34] [35] using as a vector the modified chimpanzee ...
- AU: B1
- SARS-CoV-2
- Vaxzevria, Covishield
- Viral vector
A vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular infectious or malignant disease. [1] [2] The safety and effectiveness of vaccines has been widely studied and verified. [3] [4] A vaccine typically contains an agent that resembles a disease-causing microorganism and is often made from weakened or ...
- 新冠肺炎-疫苗資訊最前線
mRNA in vitro transcription, innate and adaptive immunity activation An mRNA vaccine is a type of vaccine that uses a copy of a molecule called messenger RNA (mRNA) to produce an immune response. The vaccine delivers molecules of antigen-encoding mRNA into immune cells, which use the designed mRNA as a blueprint to build foreign protein that would normally be produced by a pathogen (such as a ...
- History
- Combination Vaccines with Acellular Pertussis
- Related Combination Vaccines
- Contraindications
- Side Effects
- Immunization Schedules and Requirements
- Brand Names
- Further Reading
- External Links
Diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and whole-cell pertussis (DTP; now also "DTwP" to differentiate from the broader class of triple-combination vaccines) vaccination was licensed in 1949.Since the introduction of the combination vaccine, there has been an extensive decline in the incidence of pertussis, or whooping cough, the disease which the vaccine ...
DTaP and Tdap are both combination vaccinesagainst diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis. The lower-case "d" and "p" indicate smaller concentrations of diphtheria toxoids and pertussis antigens, and "a" in "ap/aP" indicates that the pertussis toxoids are acellular.
Excluding pertussis
DT and Td vaccines lack the pertussis component. The Td vaccine is administered to children over the age of seven as well as to adults. It is most commonly administered as a booster shot every 10 years. The Td booster shot may also be administered as protection from a severe burn or dirty wound.The DT vaccine is given to children under the age of seven, who are unable to receive the pertussis antigen in the DTaP vaccine due to a contraindication.
Additional targets
In the United States, a combined inactivated polio (IPV), DTaP, and hepatitis B DTaP-IPV-HepB vaccine is available for children. In the UK, all babies born on or after 1 August 2017 are offered a hexavalent vaccine: DTaP, IPV, Haemophilus influenzae, and hepatitis B (DTaP-Hib-HepB-IPV in short). As of 2023, most of the DTP vaccine procured by UNICEF is of the DTwP-HepB-Hib(pentavalent whole-cell) type. The UNICEF plans to procure the DTwP-HepB-Hib-IPV (hexavalent whole-cell) vaccine starting...
The DPT vaccine should be avoided in persons who experienced a severe allergic reaction, such as anaphylaxis, to a past vaccine containing tetanus, diphtheria, or pertussis. It should also be avoided in persons with a known severe allergy to an ingredient in the vaccine. If the reaction was caused by tetanus toxoids, the CDC recommends considering ...
DTaP
Common side effects include soreness where the shot was given, fever, irritability, tenderness, loss of appetite, and vomiting. Most side effects are mild to moderate and may last from one to three days. More serious but rare reactions after a DTaP vaccination may include seizures, lowered consciousness, or a high fever over 105 °F (41 °C).Allergic reactions are uncommon, but are medical emergencies. Signs of an allergic reaction include hives, dyspnea, wheezing, swelling of face and throat,...
Tdap
Common side effects include pain or swelling where the shot was given, mild fever, headache, tiredness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and stomach ache.Allergic reactions are possible and have the same presentation and indications as described above for allergic reactions in DTaP. Any individual who has experienced a life-threatening allergic reaction after receiving a previous dose of diphtheria, tetanus, or pertussis containing vaccine should not receive the Tdap vaccination. In pregnant women...
France
In France, children are given DTaP-Hib-HepB-IPV vaccines at 2 months (first dose) and 4 months (second dose) with a booster at 11 months.
Netherlands
In the Netherlands, pertussis is known as kinkhoestand DKTP refers to the DTaP-IPV combination vaccine against diphtheria, kinkhoest, tetanus, and polio. DTaP is given as part of the National Immunisation Programme.
United Kingdom
In the United Kingdom, Td/IPV is called the "3-in-1 teenage booster" and protects against tetanus, diphtheria and polio. It is given by the NHS to all teenagers aged 14 (the hexavalent vaccine is given to infants and provides the first stage of protection against diphtheria, tetanus, and polio, as well as pertussis, Haemophilus influenzae type B and hepatitis B). Subsequent boosters are recommended for foreign travellers where more than 10 years has passed since their last booster.This is pro...
United Kingdom
Brand names in the United Kingdom include Revaxis (Sanofi Pasteur).
United States
As of January 2020[update], there are six DTaP vaccines and two Tdap vaccines licensed and available for use in the United States.All of them are indicated as childhood vaccinations with the schedules as follows:
Diphtheria
1. World Health Organization (2009). The immunological basis for immunization : module 2: diphtheria — update 2009. World Health Organization (WHO). hdl:10665/44094. ISBN 9789241597869. 2. Ramsay M, ed. (2013). "Chapter 15: Diphtheria". Immunisation against infectious disease. Public Health England. 3. Roush SW, Baldy LM, Hall MA, eds. (March 2019). Manual for the surveillance of vaccine-preventable diseases. Atlanta GA: U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC).
Pertussis
1. World Health Organization (2017). The immunological basis for immunization series: module 4: pertussis, update 2017. World Health Organization (WHO). hdl:10665/259388. ISBN 9789241513173. 2. Ramsay M, ed. (2013). "Chapter 24: Pertussis". Immunisation against infectious disease. Public Health England. 3. Hamborsky J, Kroger A, Wolfe S, eds. (2015). "Chapter 16: Pertussis". Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases (13th ed.). Washington D.C.: U.S. Centers for Disease Contr...
Tetanus
1. World Health Organization (2018). The immunological basis for immunization series: module 3: tetanus: update 2018. World Health Organization (WHO). hdl:10665/275340. ISBN 9789241513616. 2. Ramsay M, ed. (2013). "Chapter 30: Tetanus". Immunisation against infectious disease. Public Health England. 3. Hamborsky J, Kroger A, Wolfe S, eds. (2015). "Chapter 21: Tetanus". Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases (13th ed.). Washington D.C.: U.S. Centers for Disease Control and...
"Tdap — Tetanus-Diphtheria-Pertussis Vaccine Information Statement". U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). August 2021."DTaP (Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis) Vaccine Information Statement". U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). August 2021."DTaP/Tdap/Td ACIP Vaccine Recommendations". U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 28 January 2020.Tetanus Toxoid at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings(MeSH)CoronaVac, also known as the Sinovac COVID-19 vaccine, is a whole inactivated virus COVID-19 vaccine developed by the Chinese company Sinovac Biotech. It was phase III clinically trialled in Brazil, Chile, Indonesia, the Philippines, and Turkey and relies on traditional technology similar to other inactivated-virus COVID-19 vaccines, such as the Sinopharm BIBP vaccine, another Chinese vaccine ...
The making of a DNA vaccine A DNA vaccine is a type of vaccine that transfects a specific antigen-coding DNA sequence into the cells of an organism as a mechanism to induce an immune response. DNA vaccines work by injecting genetically engineered plasmid containing the DNA sequence encoding the antigen(s) against which an immune response is sought, so the cells directly produce the antigen ...
