搜尋結果
第三个要求是存在自发的全球合作的“软件”基础设施。 日益增加的协作工具，如博客（blogs）和维客（wiki），嵌入便于链接的社交网络软件，以及便于信任和社会资本创建的社会会计工具，使创建全球性的组群成为可能，该组群可以不通过营利性企业的制造或分配的介入来创造使用价值。 第四个要求是法律基础，允许创造使用价值并保护其不被私人占有。 禁止将软件代码据为己有的通用公共许可（General Public License，简称GPL），相关的开放源码促进活动（Open Source Initiative）和用于出版的创作共用（Creative Commons）许可的某些版本，实现着这一任务。 它实现了对公有使用价值的保护，并以自我复制的方式传播自己。
- Description
- Typology
- Discussion
- Key Books to Read
- More Information
The fundamental dichotomy suggested here (intrinsic vs. extrinsic) posits that motivations can be distinguished as either arising within and through the individual as a self-regulated phenomenon or by imposition from external sources or structures without a sense of free adoption or adaptation by the subject persons. From Alexander Kjerulf athttp:/...
Another typology, of "Social Value Orientations Categories", from Wikipedia: "Social value orientations are based on the assumption that individuals pursue different goals when making decisions for which the outcomes affect others. Social psychologists generally distinguish between five types of social value orientations. The main difference betwee...
Why Extrinsic Motivation Doesn't Work
From Alfred Kohn: "If a reward — money, awards, praise, or winning a contest — comes to be seen as the reason one is engaging in an activity, that activity will be viewed as less enjoyable in its own right."(http://naggum.no/motivation.html) "extrinsic motivation has some serious drawbacks: 1. It’s not sustainable - As soon as you withdraw the punishment or reward, the motivation disappears. 2. You get diminishing returns - If the punishment or rewards stay at the same levels, motivation slow...
Factors that promote intrinsic motivation
"What enhances intrinsic motivation? This webpagecites some research and lists the factors that create and sustain intrinsic motivation. The list includes: 1. Challenge - Being able to challenge yourself and accomplish new tasks. 1. Control - Having choice over what you do. 1. Cooperation - Being able to work with and help others. 1. Recognition - Getting meaningful, positive recognition for your work. To these I would add: 1. Happiness at work - People who like their job and their workplace...
How to avoid the Crowding Out of intrinsic motivation by extrinsic rewards
From a study by Tobias Assman on Incentives for Participation athttps://courses.ischool.berkeley.edu/i296a-3/f06/wiki/index.php/Incentives_for_participation: "The effects of external interventions on intrinsic motivation have been attributed to two psychological processes: (a) Impaired self-determination. When individuals perceive an external intervention to reduce their self-determination, they substitute intrinsic motivation by extrinsic control. Following Rotter (1966), the locus of contro...
Alfie Kohn. Punished by Rewards. Info at http://www.alfiekohn.org/books.htm Daniel Pink. Drive. Info at http://www.danpink.com/books/drive
Really great TED talk about the topic by Daniel Pink: http://www.ted.com/talks/view/id/618Lively RSA Animate, adapted from Dan Pink's talk at the RSA http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u6XAPnuFjJcPodcast about intrinsic motivation at http://positivesharing.com/2006/10/podcast-about-motivation/See our entry on the Crowding Outphenomenon.
