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1. "Sima Qian (Szu-ma Chien; 司馬遷 c. 145 or 135 BC – 86 BC) was a Chinese historian of the Han dynasty. He is considered the father of Chinese historiography for his work, the Records of the Grand Historian, a Jizhuanti-style (纪传体) general history of China, covering more than two thousand years from the Yellow Emperor to his time ...
Famously, Polanyi distinguished two different relations in which markets can stand to society. On the one hand, markets can be “embedded,” enmeshed in non-economic institutions and subject to non-economic norms, such as “the just price” and “the fair wage.”. On the other hand, markets can be “disembedded,” freed from extra ...
Description. Jess Scully: "Taiwan’s civic hackers were organized around a leaderless collective called g0v (pronounced “gov zero.”) Many believed in radical transparency, in throwing opaque processes open to the light, and in the idea that everyone who is affected by a decision should have a say in it.
Whereas power-to is defined by a sort of liberating and harmonious social flow that unites the doing of each and everyone of us, power- over arises from the breaking up of the collective by a process of separation. The exercise of power by the ones who have appropriated the doing of others – that is to say, the capitalists – is not based on ...
- Mobility and Flexibility
- Access to Means of Coercion
- Access to Food and Other Resources
- Sharing
- Sanctions on The Accumulation of Personal Possessions
- The Transmission of Possessions Between People
- Leadership and Decision-Making
In all these six societies nomadism is fundamental. Thereare no fixed dwellings, fixed base camps, fixed stores, fixed hunting or fishingapparatus-such as stockades or weirs-or fixed ritual sites to constrainmovements. People live in small camp units containing usually a dozen or twopeople and moving frequently. These small nomadic camp units are a...
Another important factor in this context is the accesswhich all males have to weapons among the !Kung, Hadza, Mbuti and Batek.Hunting weapons are lethal not just for game animals but also for people. There are serious dangers in antagonising someone: he might choose simply tomove away but if he feels a strong sense of grievance that his rights have...
I have already discussed how, within the generalpattern of nomadic movement, individuals are able to avoid constraint by theirfreedom to detach themselves from others at a moment's notice withouteconomic or other penalty. But let us now look more closely at the rightswhich individuals enjoy without which such action would not be practicable.What ar...
The genuine equality of opportunity that individuals enjoy in theiraccess to resources, limited only by the division of labour between the sexes,does not, of course, ensure equality of yield. The quantities of all the variousitems which individuals obtain, either on their own or jointly with otherpeople, vary greatly depending on skill, on luck, on...
Clothing, tools, weapons,smoking pipes, bead ornaments and other similar objects are personally heldand owned. At least in the case of the three African societies, they are in generalrelatively simple objects, made with skill but not elaborately styled or decoratedand not vested with any special significance. They can be made or obtainedwithout gre...
Hadza use a distinctive methodfor transmitting such personally owned objects between people which hasprofound consequences for their relationships. In any large camp men spendmost of their time gambling with one another, far more time than is spentobtaining food. They gamble mainly for metal-headed hunting arrows, bothpoisoned and non-poisoned, but...
In these societies there are either no leaders at all orleaders who are very elaborately constrained to prevent them from exercisingauthority or using their influence to acquire wealth or prestige.12 A Hadza campat any particular time is often known by the name of a well-known man thenliving in it. But thisindicates only that the man is well enough...
Abstract. "Critical accounts suggest that the ‘sharing economy’ is mainly an ideological entity, bringing together a wide range of diverse empirical phenomena that have little in common, apart from their common adherence to an ideology of ‘sharing’. This article suggests that the sharing economy can be empirically understood as ...
1 Abstract. 2 Summary. 2.1 Open Innovation Communities. 2.2 On Leadership. 2.3 Leadership in Open Innovation Communities. 2.4 Brokers vs. Boundary Spanners. 2.5 Conclusion: 3 More Information. Abstract. “What types of human and social capital identify the emergence of leaders of open innovation communities?
