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D05295. The smallpox vaccine is the first vaccine to have been developed against a contagious disease. In 1796, British physician Edward Jenner demonstrated that an infection with the relatively mild cowpox virus conferred immunity against the deadly smallpox virus. Cowpox served as a natural vaccine until the modern smallpox vaccine emerged in ...
Smallpox was an infectious disease caused by variola virus (often called smallpox virus), which belongs to the genus Orthopoxvirus. [7] [11] The last naturally occurring case was diagnosed in October 1977, and the World Health Organization (WHO) certified the global eradication of the disease in 1980, [10] making smallpox the only human disease ...
The history of smallpox extends into pre-history.[1] Genetic evidence suggests that the smallpox virus emerged 3,000 to 4,000 years ago.[2] Prior to that, similar ancestral viruses circulated, but possibly only in other mammals, and possibly with different symptoms. Only a few written reports dating from about 500 AD to 1000 AD are considered ...
e. The Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID‑19 vaccine, sold under the brand names Covishield [31] and Vaxzevria [1] [32] among others, is a viral vector vaccine for the prevention of COVID-19. It was developed in the United Kingdom by Oxford University and British-Swedish company AstraZeneca, [33] [34] [35] using as a vector the modified chimpanzee ...
Frequency. 30 (wild) + 856 (vaccine-derived) in 2022 [4] Poliomyelitis ( / ˌpoʊlioʊˌmaɪəˈlaɪtɪs / POH-lee-oh-MY-ə-LY-tiss ), commonly shortened to polio, is an infectious disease caused by the poliovirus. [1] Approximately 75% of cases are asymptomatic; [5] mild symptoms which can occur include sore throat and fever; in a proportion ...
Ebola, also known as Ebola virus disease (EVD) and Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF), is a viral hemorrhagic fever in humans and other primates, caused by ebolaviruses.[1] Symptoms typically start anywhere between two days and three weeks after infection.[3] The first symptoms are usually fever, sore throat, muscle pain, and headaches.[1] These ...
Human papillomavirus infection ( HPV infection) is caused by a DNA virus from the Papillomaviridae family. [5] Many HPV infections cause no symptoms and 90% resolve spontaneously within two years. [1] In some cases, an HPV infection persists and results in either warts or precancerous lesions. [2] These lesions, depending on the site affected ...
