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Smallpox was an infectious disease caused by variola virus (often called smallpox virus), which belongs to the genus Orthopoxvirus. [7] [11] The last naturally occurring case was diagnosed in October 1977, and the World Health Organization (WHO) certified the global eradication of the disease in 1980, [10] making smallpox the only human disease ...
25 percent. The Roman Empire in 180 AD. The Antonine Plague of AD 165 to 180, also known as the Plague of Galen (after Galen, the Greek physician who described it), was a prolonged and destructive epidemic, [1] which impacted the Roman Empire. It was possibly contracted and spread by soldiers who were returning from campaign in the Near East.
Visna-maedi virus. The human immunodeficiency viruses ( HIV) are two species of Lentivirus (a subgroup of retrovirus) that infect humans. Over time, they cause acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), [1] [2] a condition in which progressive failure of the immune system allows life-threatening opportunistic infections and cancers to thrive. [3]
For a more accessible and less technical introduction to this topic, see Introduction to viruses. A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism. [1] Viruses infect all life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea.
Ebola, also known as Ebola virus disease (EVD) and Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF), is a viral hemorrhagic fever in humans and other primates, caused by ebolaviruses.[1] Symptoms typically start anywhere between two days and three weeks after infection.[3] The first symptoms are usually fever, sore throat, muscle pain, and headaches.[1] These ...
Classic explanations include yellow fever, bubonic plague, influenza, smallpox, chickenpox, typhus, and syndemic infection of hepatitis B and hepatitis D. 1,143,000–3,429,000 (estimated 30–90% of population) [68] [69] 1629–1631 Italian plague (part of the second plague pandemic ) 1629–1631. Italy. Bubonic plague.
Typhoid fever, also known simply as typhoid, is a disease caused by Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi bacteria, also called Salmonella typhi.[2][3] Symptoms vary from mild to severe, and usually begin six to 30 days after exposure.[4][5] Often there is a gradual onset of a high fever over several days.[4] This is commonly accompanied by ...
