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Parkinson's disease ( PD ), or simply Parkinson's, is a long-term neurodegenerative disease of mainly the central nervous system that affects both the motor system and non-motor systems. The symptoms usually emerge slowly, and as the disease progresses, non-motor symptoms become more common.
Parkinsonism is a clinical syndrome characterized by the four motor symptoms found in Parkinson's disease: tremor, bradykinesia (slowed movements), rigidity, and postural instability. [1] [2] Parkinsonism gait problems can lead to falls and serious physical injuries. Other common symptoms include:
Alzheimer's disease ( AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that usually starts slowly and progressively worsens, [2] and is the cause of 60–70% of cases of dementia. [2] [15] The most common early symptom is difficulty in remembering recent events. [1] As the disease advances, symptoms can include problems with language, disorientation ...
Braak staging. A. Schematic initial progression of Lewy body deposits in the first stages of Parkinson's Disease, as proposed by Braak and colleagues. B. Localization of the area of significant brain volume reduction in initial PD compared with a group of participants without the disease in a neuroimaging study which concluded that brain stem ...
Huntington's disease (HD), also known as Huntington's chorea, is an incurable neurodegenerative disease[7] that is mostly inherited.[8] The earliest symptoms are often subtle problems with mood or mental/psychiatric abilities.[9][1] A general lack of coordination and an unsteady gait often follow.[2] It is also a basal ganglia disease causing ...
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( ALS ), also known as motor neurone disease ( MND) or Lou Gehrig's disease in the United States, is a rare but terminal neurodegenerative disorder that results in the progressive loss of both upper and lower motor neurons that normally control voluntary muscle contraction. [3] .
Sickle cell disease ( SCD ), also simply called sickle cell, is a group of hemoglobin-related blood disorders typically inherited. [2] The most common type is known as sickle cell anemia. [2] It results in an abnormality in the oxygen-carrying protein haemoglobin found in red blood cells. [2] This leads to a rigid, sickle -like shape under ...
