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An mRNA vaccine is a type of vaccine that uses a copy of a molecule called messenger RNA (mRNA) to produce an immune response. [1] .
The vaccine's efficacy spans various demographics, including age, sex, and those with high-risk medical conditions. It is an mRNA vaccine composed of nucleoside-modified mRNA (modRNA) encoding a spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, which is encapsulated in .
The Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine, sold under the brand name Comirnaty, is an mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccine developed by the German biotechnology company BioNTech. For its development, BioNTech collaborated with the American company Pfizer
According to studies, the combination of two different COVID‑19 vaccines, also called cross-vaccination or the mix-and-match method, provides protection equivalent to that of mRNA vaccines, including protection against the Delta variant.
- MRNA
- Antisense RNA
- RNAi
- RNA Aptamers
Messenger RNA (mRNA) is a single-stranded RNA molecule that is complementary to one of the DNA strands of a gene. An mRNA molecule transfers a portion of the DNA code to other parts of the cell for making proteins. DNA therapeutics needs access to the nucleus to be transcribed into RNA, and its functionality depends on nuclear envelope breakdown du...
Antisense RNA is the non-coding and single-stranded RNA that is complementary to a coding sequence of mRNA. It inhibits the ability of mRNA to be translated into proteins.Short antisense RNA transcripts are produced within the nucleus by the action of the enzyme Dicer, which cleaves double-stranded RNA precursors into 21–26 nucleotide long RNA spec...
Interfering RNA are a class of short, noncoding RNA that act to translationally or post-translationally repress gene expression. Their discovery and subsequent identification as key effectors of post-transcriptional gene regulation have made small interfering RNA (siRNA) and micro RNA (miRNA) potential therapeutics for systemic diseases. The RNAi s...
Broadly, aptamers are small molecules composed of either single-stranded DNA or RNA and are typically 20-100 nucleotides in length, or ~3-60 kDa. Because of their single-stranded nature, aptamers are capable of forming many secondary structures, including pseudoknots, stem loops, and bulges, through intra-strand base pairing interactions. The combi...
An mRNA vaccine (or RNA vaccine) is a novel type of vaccine which is composed of the nucleic acid RNA, packaged within a vector such as lipid nanoparticles. Among the COVID-19 vaccines are a number of RNA vaccines to combat the COVID-19 pandemic and some have been approved or have received emergency use authorization in some countries.
In November 2020, the CHMP started a rolling review of the Moderna vaccine for COVID‑19 known as mRNA-1273. In December 2020, the EMA received application for conditional marketing authorizations (CMA) for the mRNA vaccines BNT162b2 and mRNA1273
