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  1. 7. Put people into an open system and they’ll automatically want to contribute: People take great care in making the articles objective, accurate, and easy to understand [on Wikipedia] (74). 8. When attacked, centralized organizations tend to become even more centralized: As we saw in the case of the Apaches and the P2P players, when attacked ...

  2. Introduction. Kojin Karatani: "The history of social formations should be seen in terms of hybrid forms that include multiple modes of exchange. But the various modes of exchange themselves also undergo transformations within the transformations of social formations. The first social formation arises with clan society, in which mode A is dominant.

  3. 2007年10月10日 · The Assurance Game Definition The Assurance Game is “a situation where neither player can provide a sufficient amount of the good if they contribute alone, thus for each player, if the other Defects then she should also Defect, but if the other Cooperates then she ...

  4. Description. Via the Wikipedia: 'A pirate code was a code of conduct invented for governing pirates, and first introduced by the Portuguese buccaneer Bartolomeu Português. Generally each pirate crew had its own code or articles, which provided rules for discipline, division of stolen goods, and compensation for injured pirates.

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    Michel Bauwens: 5,000 years, Sumerian priests invented ledgers to count the rice coming in and out of the temples; this was the foundation of the state. In the 14th cy, a Franciscan monk invented double entry book accounting; this created capitalist accounting, a 'narcissic' form of accounting for individually competing entities, that cannot see th...

    "I would never tell a traditional company to switch their accounting system to REA. But if you are organizing supply chains, joint ventures, multi-company collaboration spaces, or economic networks, it's all different." - Bob Haugen (email, July 2018)

    1. Bob Haugen: "REA enables resource flow or process flow models at any level of granularity and aggregation, so that micro-models may be interconnected with macro-models and vice versa. The general pattern is Input-Process-Output, where the output of one process may become the input of another process, and so on (almost) ad infinitum. Both the inp...

    Bob Haugen: "REA is a simple economic and accounting ontology that can handle all economic resources, not just monetary ones; can handle full economic cycles including production, distribution, and exchange; and can handle externalities (waste and degradation of resources) as well as generative resource flows. REA is usually presented as an enterpr...

    = In the early 1980s Bill McCarthy first defines Resource-Event-Agent (REA) model for accounting systems and publishes many paperson the topic.

    Bob Haugen on how REA developments fit in a Commons Economy

    Bob Haugen: "What I miss is the importance of REA for what the P2P Foundationwants to do. You can get a hint of it from reading between some of the lines in this story:https://www.wired.com/story/how-the-blockchain-is-redefining-trust/ Key excerpt: "Consider traditional accounting, a multi-billion industry largelydominated by the ‘big four’ audit firms, Deloitte, KPMG, Ernst &Young, and PwC. The digital distributed ledger could transparentlyreport the financial transactions of an organization...

    Gregg Cassel on how Scuttlebutt and the Holochain fit in a REA world

    Greg Cassel: "REA accounting, Value Flows, and my own work seek to develop data formats for people (agents) to CREATE and share information accurately and efficiently. We build models to represent dynamic processes and systems which perform actions (inputs, outputs, transformations) on resources. We think this modeling will be deeply important to creating fair and just economies, mutually coordinated by groups of peers. However, these models may be useless (or worse) without data security. Sc...

    https://bitbucket.org/ccomb/rea/ (very early project to combine odoo/rea in the context of Coopaname

  5. Coined by political theorist Carl Boggs and popularized by sociologist Wini Breines, the term “prefigurative politics” emerged out of analysis of New Left movements in the United States. Rejecting both the Leninist cadre organization of the Old Left and conventional political parties, members of the New Left attempted to create activist ...

  6. 2023年11月6日 · Description. "The diamond is a map that points to three phases that groups pass through as they move from questions to insights. Groups begin with divergent thinking, sit for a while in the chaos and uncertainty of “The Groan Zone” and later move into convergent thinking."