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Dan Lockton: "Many academic fields touch on areas relevant to this subject, from architecture to computer science. Perhaps the closest single exposition of many of the pertinent concepts is Langdon Winner’s 1986 “Do artifacts* have politics?” in which he discusses the idea that: “ The machines, structures, and systems of modern material ...
109) "From the moment of awakening, a (Great Culture), is bound by its charter, the epoch itself is necessary, for the life unity is in it .. Fresh incidentals can affect the shape of its development, but alter it they cannot."
- Historical Developments in The Emergence of The WSF
- Utopianism and The Ideology of Horizontalism
- From An Old Left to A New Left
- From Old Left to New Social Movements
- Counter Hegemonic Developments After 1968
- Ingos and Un Summits
The WSF(P) and movements for another globalisation emerged through complex historical interactions and (as described earlier) the composition of the WSF(P) is multifaceted and complex. In this next section, I attempt to demonstrate the relationship between counter hegemonic struggles and the WSF(P). While it is important to note that comparisons ar...
Any discussion on hegemony is not complete without an examination of the concept of ‘utopia’. Indeed, hegemony as expressed through neoliberal ideology contains what some have called a ‘conservative utopianism’ (which negates the possibility of alternative futures) (Santos, 2004b, p. 10). In this section I examine the development of a ‘critical uto...
Leftist struggles and history are foundational to the existence of the WSF, yet as will be argued, the WSF(P) is (in part) a rejection of an ‘Old Left’ tradition, expressive of far more diverse and complex counter hegemonic movements. The ‘Internationals’ that held together the early Socialist (and later Communist) movements in Europe are important...
While the WSF(P) is generally an expression of the left, and has been supported by a spectrum of left groups throughout its history (the Workers Party of Brazil, Communist Party of India and Bolivarian supporters in Venezuela, as examples) the WSF(P) departs substantially from the ‘Old Left’ in vision and methodology (Wallerstein, 2004b). In partic...
The famous UN summit in Stockholm on the environment highlighted the emergence of global social movements, not confined to national or ethnic struggles . Falk argues the emerging transnational new social movements (NSMs) there challenged the legitimacy of State power and were critical in initiating an alternative global policy debate, a cosmopolita...
Smith estimates transnationally organised social change groups grew from 200 in the early 1970s to over 1000 in the late 1990s (Smith, 2008b, p. 17). Boulding estimated the number of INGOs rose from 176 in 1909 to 20,000 by 1986 (Boulding, 1988, p. 35). Others estimate INGO number at approximately 13,000 as of 2001 / 2002 (Anheier, 2002). The meani...
In most of the tribes,” Lowie continued, “they not only confiscated game clandestinely procured, but whipped the offender, destroyed his property, and, in case of resistance, killed him” (GW 109, citing Lowie 1948: 18).GW call such chiefs “play kings,” their power
Alain Lipietz, “Imperialism as the Beast of the Apocalypse”, Capital and Class, no. 22 (Spring 1984), pp. 81-109; Alain Lipietz, “Behind the Crisis: the Exhaustion of a Regime of Accumulation. A ‘Regulation School Perspective’ on Some French Empirical Works”, Review of Radical Political Economy, vol. 18, no. 1-2 (1986), pp. 13-32;
Neoproterozoic revolution (Oxygen crisis) – 1.5 ·109 years ago . Cyanobacteria had enriched the atmosphere by oxygen that was a strong poison for anaerobic procaryotes. Anaerobic procaryotes started to die out and anaerobic procaryote fauna was changed by an aerobic eucaryote and multicellular one.
↑ Source: Operating Manual for Spaceship Earth, R. Buckminster Fuller, 1968, Chapter 6 ↑ Ludwig von Mises in his famous work Economic Calculation In The Socialist Commonwealth argues that the “price mechanism” is the only possible means to understand how to “efficiently” create and move goods around an economy. ...
