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Renal anaplastic sarcoma is a rare tumour of the kidney. By 2017 about 25 cases have been reported. This tumour occurs in children and young adults and is more common in females than males. Because of its rarity its natural history is not well understood. ...
Adenomatoid tumors are rare and benign mesothelial tumors, which arise from the lining of organs. It mainly presents in the genital tract, in regions such as the testis [1] and epididymis. [2] Because of this, researchers had a difficult time concluding that type of tumor has a mesothelial origin. Immunohistochemistry staining of tumor samples ...
The nutcracker syndrome (NCS) results most commonly from the compression of the left renal vein (LRV) between the abdominal aorta (AA) and superior mesenteric artery (SMA), although other variants exist. The name derives from the fact that, in the sagittal plane and/or transverse plane, the SMA and AA (with some imagination) appear to be a nutcracker crushing a nut (the renal vein).
Solitary fibrous tumor ( SFT ), also known as fibrous tumor of the pleura, is a rare mesenchymal tumor originating in the pleura [1] or at virtually any site in the soft tissue including the seminal vesicle. [2] Approximately 78% to 88% of SFT's are benign and 12% to 22% are malignant. [3] The World Health Organization (2020) classified SFT as ...
Cystic nephroma. Micrograph of a cystic nephroma (left of image). Normal kidney is seen on the right. H&E stain. A cystic nephroma, also known as multilocular cystic nephroma, mixed epithelial stromal tumour (MEST) and renal epithelial stromal tumour (REST), [1] is a type of rare benign kidney tumour .
Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor. An atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor ( AT/RT) is a rare tumor usually diagnosed in childhood. Although usually a brain tumor, AT/RT can occur anywhere in the central nervous system (CNS), including the spinal cord. About 60% will be in the posterior cranial fossa (particularly the cerebellum ).
A minimal level of intra-tumour heterogeneity is a simple consequence of the imperfection of DNA replication: whenever a cell (normal or cancerous) divides, a few mutations are acquired [2] —leading to a diverse population of cancer cells. [3] The heterogeneity of cancer cells introduces significant challenges in designing effective treatment ...
