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Type II collagen is organised into fibrils. This fibrillar network of collagen allows the cartilage to entrap the proteoglycan aggregate, as well as providing tensile strength to the tissue. Oral administration of native type II collagen induces oral tolerance to pathological immune responses and may be useful in arthritis. [1] [2]
Type I collagen is the most abundant collagen of the human body, consisting of around 90% of the body's total collagen in vertebrates. Due to this, it is also the most abundant protein type found in all vertebrates. Type I forms large, eosinophilic fibers known as collagen fibers, which make up most of the rope-like dense connective tissue in ...
Collagen, type III, alpha 1. Type III Collagen is a homotrimer, or a protein composed of three identical peptide chains ( monomers ), each called an alpha 1 chain of type III collagen. Formally, the monomers are called collagen type III, alpha-1 chain and in humans are encoded by the COL3A1 gene. Type III collagen is one of the fibrillar ...
Amino acids can be classified according to the locations of the core structural functional groups ( alpha- (α-), beta- (β-), gamma- (γ-) amino acids, etc.), other categories relate to polarity, ionization, and side chain group type ( aliphatic, acyclic, aromatic, polar, etc.). In the form of proteins, amino acid residues form the second-largest component ( water being the largest) of human ...
A linear chain of amino acid residues is called a polypeptide. A protein contains at least one long polypeptide. Short polypeptides, containing less than 20–30 residues, are rarely considered to be proteins and are commonly called peptides. The individual amino acid residues are bonded together by peptide bonds and adjacent amino acid residues. The sequence of amino acid residues in a ...
Escherichia coli ( / ˌɛʃəˈrɪkiə ˈkoʊlaɪ / ESH-ə-RIK-ee-ə KOH-ly) [1] [2] is a gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, rod-shaped, coliform bacterium of the genus Escherichia that is commonly found in the lower intestine of warm-blooded organisms. [3] [4] Most E. coli strains are harmless, but some serotypes such as EPEC, and ETEC are ...
Vitamin B12, also known as cobalamin, is a water-soluble vitamin involved in metabolism. [2] It is one of eight B vitamins. It is required by animals, which use it as a cofactor in DNA synthesis, and in both fatty acid and amino acid metabolism. [3] It is important in the normal functioning of the nervous system via its role in the synthesis of myelin, and in the circulatory system in the ...
