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Vitamin B12, also known as cobalamin, is a water-soluble vitamin involved in metabolism. [2] It is one of eight B vitamins. It is required by animals, which use it as a cofactor in DNA synthesis, and in both fatty acid and amino acid metabolism. [3]
- Readily absorbed in distal half of the ileum.
- liver
- C₆₃H₈₈CoN₁₄O₁₄P
Vitamin B12 deficiency, also known as cobalamin deficiency, is the medical condition in which the blood and tissue have a lower than normal level of vitamin B 12. [5] . Symptoms can vary from none to severe. [1] . Mild deficiency may have few or absent symptoms. [1] .
- Poor absorption, decreased intake, increased requirements
- Supplementation by mouth or injection
- Blood levels below 148–185 pmol/L (200–250 pg/mL) in adults
B vitamins are a class of water-soluble vitamins that play important roles in cell metabolism and synthesis of red blood cells. [1] They are a chemically diverse class of compounds; some contain sulfur and B12 contains cobalt. [1] Dietary supplements containing all eight are referred to as a vitamin B complex.
Serum vitamin B12 is a medical laboratory test that measure vitamin B 12 only in the blood binding to both transcobalamins. [1] . Most of the time, 80–94% of vitamin B 12 in the blood binds to haptocorrin, while only 6–20% is binds to transcobalamin ll. [2] Only transcobalamin ll is "active" and can be used by the body. [1] .
Pernicious anemia refers to a type of vitamin B 12 deficiency anemia that results from lack of intrinsic factor. [5] . Lack of intrinsic factor is most commonly due to an autoimmune attack on the cells that create it in the stomach. [9] .
- Vitamin B₁₂ pills or injections
- Not enough intrinsic factor
- > 60 years old
Vitamins are organic molecules (or a set of closely related molecules called vitamers) that are essential to an organism in small quantities for proper metabolic function. Essential nutrients cannot be synthesized in the organism in sufficient quantities for survival, and therefore must be obtained through the diet. For example, vitamin C can ...
Vitamin B 12 total synthesis. The total synthesis of the complex biomolecule vitamin B 12 was accomplished in two different approaches by the collaborating research groups of Robert Burns Woodward at Harvard [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] and Albert Eschenmoser at ETH [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] in 1972.