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Albert Stanley, 1st Baron Ashfield (8 August 1874 – 4 November 1948), was the managing director and chairman of the Underground Electric Railways Company of London (UERL) from 1910 to 1933, and the chairman of the London Passenger Transport Board (LPTB) from 1933 to 1947. At a young age, he held senior positions in the tramway systems of ...
The chicken ( Gallus domesticus) is a large and round short-winged bird, domesticated from the red junglefowl of Southeast Asia around 8,000 years ago. Most chickens are raised for food, providing meat and eggs; others are kept as pets or for cockfighting .
CJK Unified Ideographs is a Unicode block containing the most common CJK ideographs used in modern Chinese, Japanese, Korean and Vietnamese characters. When contrasted with other blocks containing CJK Unified Ideographs, it is also referred to as the Unified Repertoire and Ordering (URO).[3] The block has hundreds of variation sequences ...
ASCII (/ˈæskiː/ ⓘ ASS-kee),[3]: 6 an acronym for American Standard Code for Information Interchange, is a character encoding standard for electronic communication. ASCII codes represent text in computers, telecommunications equipment, and other devices. ASCII has just 128 code points, of which only 95 are printable characters, which ...
- Purpose
- History of The Term
- Usage
- Design
- Security
- Release Policies
- Documentation
- Dispute Over Copyright Protection For Apis
- Further Reading
- External Links
In building applications, an API simplifies programming by abstracting the underlying implementation and only exposing objects or actions the developer needs. While a graphical interface for an email client might provide a user with a button that performs all the steps for fetching and highlighting new emails, an API for file input/output might giv...
The term API initially described an interface only for end-user-facing programs, known as application programs. This origin is still reflected in the name "application programming interface." Today, the term is broader, including also utility software and even hardware interfaces.
Libraries and frameworks
The interface to a software libraryis one type of API. The API describes and prescribes the "expected behavior" (a specification) while the library is an "actual implementation" of this set of rules. A single API can have multiple implementations (or none, being abstract) in the form of different libraries that share the same programming interface. The separation of the API from its implementation can allow programs written in one language to use a library written in another. For example, bec...
Operating systems
An API can specify the interface between an application and the operating system. POSIX, for example, provides a set of common API specifications that aim to enable an application written for a POSIX conformant operating system to be compiledfor another POSIX conformant operating system. Linux and Berkeley Software Distributionare examples of operating systems that implement the POSIX APIs. Microsoft has shown a strong commitment to a backward-compatible API, particularly within its Windows A...
Remote APIs
Remote APIs allow developers to manipulate remote resources through protocols, specific standards for communication that allow different technologies to work together, regardless of language or platform.For example, the Java Database Connectivity API allows developers to query many different types of databases with the same set of functions, while the Java remote method invocation API uses the Java Remote Method Protocol to allow invocationof functions that operate remotely but appear local t...
The design of an API has a significant impact on its usage. First of all, the design of programming interfaces represents an important part of software architecture, the organization of a complex piece of software. The principle of information hiding describes the role of programming interfaces as enabling modular programming by hiding the implemen...
API security is very critical when developing a public facing API. Common threats include SQL injection, Denial-of-service attack (DoS), broken authentication, and exposing sensitive data. Without ensuring proper security practices, bad actors can get access to information they should not have or even gain privileges to make changes to your server....
APIs are one of the more common ways technology companies integrate. Those that provide and use APIs are considered as being members of a business ecosystem. The main policies for releasing an API are: 1. Private: The API is for internal company use only. 2. Partner: Only specific business partners can use the API. For example, vehicle for hire com...
API documentation describes the services an API offers and how to use those services, aiming to cover everything a client would need to know for practical purposes. Documentation is crucial for the development and maintenance of applications using the API.API documentation is traditionally found in documentation files but can also be found in socia...
In 2010, Oracle Corporation sued Google for having distributed a new implementation of Java embedded in the Android operating system. Google had not acquired any permission to reproduce the Java API, although permission had been given to the similar OpenJDK project. Google had approached Oracle to negotiate a license for their API, but were turned ...
Taina Bucher (16 November 2013). "Objects of Intense Feeling: The Case of the Twitter API". Computational Culture (3). ISSN 2047-2390.Argues that "APIs are far from neutral tools" and form a key pa...What is an API? – in the U.S. Supreme Court opinion, Google v. Oracle 2021, pp. 3–7 – "For each task, there is computer code; API (also known as Application Programming Interface) is the method for...Maury, Innovation and Change – Cory Ondrejka, February 28, 2014, " ...proposed a public API to let computers talk to each other". (TextiseURL)The C# programming language was designed by Anders Hejlsberg from Microsoft in 2000 and was later approved as an international standard by Ecma (ECMA-334) in 2002 and ISO / IEC (ISO/IEC 23270 and 20619 [c]) in 2003. Microsoft introduced C# along with .NET Framework and Visual Studio, both of which were closed-source.
C is an imperative procedural language, supporting structured programming, lexical variable scope, and recursion, with a static type system. It was designed to be compiled to provide low-level access to memory and language constructs that map efficiently to machine instructions, all with minimal runtime support.
