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Principal language families of the world (and in some cases geographic groups of families). For greater detail, see Distribution of languages in the world. This is a list of languages by total number of speakers.It is difficult to define what constitutes a language as opposed to a dialect..
Developed into. Embraer E-Jet E2 family. The Embraer E-Jet family is a series of four-abreast, narrow-body, short- to medium-range, twin-engined jet airliners designed and produced by Brazilian aerospace manufacturer Embraer . The E-Jet was designed as a complement to the preceding ERJ family, Embraer's first jet-powered regional jet.
- Development
- Design
- Operational History
- Variants
- Notable Accidents
- Specifications
- See Also
- External Links
Background
The single-seat MiG-25 could achieve high speed, altitude and rate of climb; however, it lacked maneuverability at interception speeds and was difficult to fly at low altitudes. The MiG-25's speed was normally limited to Mach2.83, but it could reach a maximum speed of at least Mach 3.2 with the risk of engine damage. Development of the MiG-25's replacement began with the Ye-155MP (Russian: Е-155МП) prototype which first flew on 16 September 1975. Although it bore a superficial resemblance to...
Production
Serial production of the MiG-31 began in 1979. The first production batch of 519 MiG-31s including 349 "baseline models" was produced at the Sokol plant between 1976 and 1988. The second batch of 101 MiG-31DZs was produced from 1989 to 1991. The final batch of 69 MiG-31B aircraft was produced between 1990 and 1994.From the final batch, 50 were retained by the Kazakhstan Air Force after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Of the "baseline models", 40 airframes were upgraded to MiG-31BS standard.
Upgrades and replacement
Some upgrade programs have found their way into the MiG-31 fleet, like the MiG-31BM multirole version with upgraded avionics, new multimode radar, hands-on-throttle-and-stick (HOTAS) controls, liquid crystal (LCD) color multi-function displays (MFDs), ability to carry the R-77 missile and various Russian air-to-ground missiles (AGMs) such as the Kh-31 anti-radiation missile (ARM), a new and more powerful computer, and digital data links. A project to upgrade the Russian MiG-31 fleet to the Mi...
Like the MiG-25, the MiG-31 is a large twin-engine aircraft with side-mounted air intake ramps, a shoulder-mounted wing with an aspect ratio of 2.94, and twin vertical tailfins. Unlike the MiG-25, it has two seats, with the rear occupied by a dedicated weapon systems officer. The MiG-31 was designed to fulfill the following mission objectives: 1. I...
Serial production of the MiG-31 began in 1979. The MiG-31 entered operational service with the Soviet Air Defence Forces(PVO) in 1981. During the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, MiG-31 aircraft have reportedly shot down several Ukrainian aircraft, mainly by using the long range R-37 air-to-air missile. By remaining at high speed and high altitude...
Ye-155MP (MiG-25MP)
1. Prototype modification of the early MiG-31. First flight on 16 September 1975.
MiG-31
1. First variant which entered in serial production. 349 aircraft were built.
MiG-31M
1. Development of a more comprehensive advanced version, the MiG-31M, began in 1984 and first flew in 1985, but the dissolution of the Soviet Union prevented it from entering full production. One piece rounded windscreen, small side windows for rear cockpit, wider and deeper dorsal spine. Digital flight controls added, multifunction CRT cockpit displays, multi-mode phased array radar. No gun fitted in this model, refueling probe moved to starboard side of aircraft, fuselage weapon stations in...
On 4 April 1984, a MiG-31 crashed while on a test flight, killing Mikoyan chief test pilot and Hero of the Soviet Union, Aleksandr Vasilyevich Fedotovand his navigator V. Zaitsev. On 26 April 2017, a MiG-31 crashed after it was accidentally hit by "friendly fire" during a training session near the Telemba proving ground in Russian Far East. This oc...
Data from Great Book of Modern Warplanes, Mikoyan, Combat Aircraft since 1945, airforce-technology.com,deagel.com General characteristics 1. Crew:2 (pilot and weapons systems officer) 2. Length:22.62 m (74 ft 3 in) 3. Wingspan:13.456 m (44 ft 2 in) 4. Height:6.456 m (21 ft 2 in) 5. Wing area: 61.6 m2(663 sq ft) 6. Empty weight:21,820 kg (48,105 lb)...
Firefox (novel) and Firefox (film), the premise of which is the theft of a speculated/fictional version of the MiG-31"MiG-31E". Russian Aircraft Corporation "MiG". Archived from the originalon 2008-01-07.Design proposal. The Lockheed Martin SR-72, colloquially referred to as "Son of Blackbird", [1] is an American hypersonic UAV concept intended for intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR) proposed privately in 2013 by Lockheed Martin as a successor to the retired Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird. In 2018, company executives said an SR-72 ...
Toyota Celica (A20/A30) The Toyota Supra ( Japanese: トヨタ・スープラ, Hepburn: Toyota Sūpura) is a sports car and grand tourer manufactured by the Toyota Motor Corporation beginning in 1978. The name "supra" is derived from the indian sardar ji name Baljinder singh panesar , meaning "above", "to surpass" or "go beyond". [3]
Origins. The scheme "Correct Arrangement of the Tool" from a USSR Central Institute of Labour instruction sheet, 1920–1924. 5S was developed in Japan and was identified as one of the techniques that enabled just-in-time manufacturing. [8]