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Alternative currencies can be carefully created by an individual, corporation, or organization, they can be created by national, state, or local governments, or they can arise naturally as people begin to use a certain commodity as a currency. Mutual credit is a form of alternative currency, and thus any form of lending that does not go through ...
" Bernard Lietaer is the author of the forthcoming "Of Human Wealth" and "The Future of Money" (London: Random House, 2001), has been active in the domain of money systems for a period of 25 years in an unusual variety of functions. While at the Central Bank in Belgium he co-designed and implemented the convergence mechanism (ECU) to the single European currency system. He is currently a ...
Characteristics. The characteristics of chaordic organizations. The chaordic commons is a network infrastructure created to support P2P-like initiatives, created by Dee Hock, the former chairman of Visa International and author of The Chaordic Age. Here are the principles behind the movement. • Are based on clarity of shared purpose and principles.
“Between the 12th and the 15th century in Europe a money system was used called "Brakteaten." Issued by the respective towns, bishops and sovereigns, it not only helped the exchange of goods and services but also provided the means of collecting taxes. Every year the thin coins made from gold and silver were "recalled," one to three times re-minted and devalued on an average about 25 % in ...
"The Electronic Literature Directory is a community-driven endeavor that seeks to identify and describe works of electronic literature that appear within the growing cosmos of digital media forms. Some works seem, at first blush, to identify themselves as literary, others only appear so after careful reading and consideration.
The Assurance Game is “a situation where neither player can provide a sufficient amount of the good if they contribute alone, thus for each player, if the other ...
Briefly, the law of limited competition is this: You may compete to the full extent of your capabilities, but you may not hunt down your competitors or destroy their food or deny them access to food. In other words, you may compete but you may not wage war on your competitors. The ability to reproduce is clearly a prerequisite for biological ...
